Short-term Effects of Crackers on Glycemic Index and Glycemic Responses. A Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Enrollment
- 11
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Glycemic index
Overview
Brief Summary
This study investigated the acute effects of cracker consumption made by different flours on glycemic responses.
Detailed Description
This study aimed to determine the glycemic index and glycemic load of crackers made by different flours (wheat, whole wheat, and 30% sunflower seed flour substitution) and to investigate the effects of these types of crackers on postprandial glycemic responses in healthy humans. Moreover, blood pressure levels and subjective appetite were evaluated.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Other
- Masking
- Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking Description
double-blind (investigator and outcomes assessor)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 55 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •non-smoking
- •non-diabetic men and women
- •body mass index between 18 and 25 kg/m2
Exclusion Criteria
- •severe chronic diseases (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, kidney or liver conditions, endocrine conditions)
- •gastrointestinal disorders
- •pregnancy
- •lactation
- •competitive sports
- •alcohol abuse
- •drug dependency
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Glycemic index
Time Frame: 2 hours
Glucose solution (50 g) was the reference food (GI = 100%) against which all test foods were compared. Subjects arrived at the laboratory at eight to nine o'clock in the morning after 10-12 h overnight fast. Each subject was fed equivalent 50 g available carbohydrate of test foods or reference food in random order. To minimize day to day variation of glucose tolerance, the reference food was tested in triplicate in each subject. All test and reference foods were served with 250 mL of water. An automatic lancet device and glucometer (calibrated MediSmart Ruby glucose meter with a lancing device, Lilly-PHARMASERV SA, Greece) was used for finger capillary blood samples. Blood samples were taken immediately before the start of the study (0 min) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of eating.
Capillary blood glucose responses
Time Frame: 2 hours
Clinically useful change in blood glucose, defined as the restoration of glucose within normal limits during the 2hr glucose tolerance test
Secondary Outcomes
- Blood pressure(2 hours)
- Subjective appetite ratings(2 hours)
Investigators
Aimilia Papakonstantinou
Assistant Professor
Agricultural University of Athens