Prospective Multicenter, Randomized Study Comparing the Diagnostic Efficacy of a Targeted MRI/Ultrasound Fusion-guided Prostate Biopsy Versus a Systematic Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Biopsy in Men With at Least on Negative Prostate Biopsy

In men with previously negative prostate biopsy and persistent elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value, it is unclear which biopsy strategy offers the highest detection rate for significant prostate cancer. The hypothesis of this study is that targeted MRI/ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy improves the detection rates of significant prostate cancers compared with systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.

Men with at least one previously negative transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy and persistently elevated PSA values (> 3 ng/ml) or PSA velocity >0.75 ng/ml/p.a. will be submitted to a multiparametric MRI examination of the prostate. Subsequently, all participants will be randomized (1:1) into both study arms. In study arm A patients will be submitted to the gold-standard which comprises systematic transrectal ultrasound--guided prostate biopsy. In study arm B patients will be submitted to targeted prostate biopsy based on the multiparametric MRI findings. Targeted biopsies will be performed using MRI/ultrasound fusion-guided.