Effectiveness of the Z-Track Technique As a Pain-Reducing Strategy for Neonates During Intramuscular Injection: a Randomized Controlled Trial
- Conditions
- Intramuscular InjectionNeonatesNeonatal Pain
- Registration Number
- NCT06793618
- Lead Sponsor
- University of Baghdad
- Brief Summary
A quantitative study, true experimental, posttest-only design has been used for the current study. one intervention (the Z-track technique) and one control group involved in the study. The primary outcome measure is the Neonatal/Infant Pain Scale to be used immediately after intramuscular injections to measure the pain level among neonates.
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 147
- Neonates delivered through cesarean section
- Apgar score of 8 or more
- Weight between 2500 - 3500 grams
- neonates receiving IM injections
- Males / females
- term neonates between 37th and 42nd week of gestation
- Congenital anomalies
- neonates who received intramuscular injection such as the Hepatitis B vaccine
- Low birth weight
- Preterms
- Neural tube defects
- neonates who are of normal vaginal delivery
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Neonatal/ Infant Pain Scale from the process of enrollment at the post-natal ward until the IM injection is administered (usually takes less than 1 hour) A scale developed specifically for newborn infants. Consists of 6 criterion (Face Expression, cry, Patterns of Breathing, leg and arm movements, Arousal status) Recommended for children less than 1 year old.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Related Research Topics
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Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Feminine and Children Educational Hospital
🇮🇶Samawah, Al-Muthanna, Iraq