Repeated Sweet Breakfasts and Subsequent Sweet Food Preferences and Intakes

Not Applicable

Completed

Interventions: Behavioral: Non-sweet food consumption
Behavioral: Sweet food consumption

Brief Summary: This study will assess the impact of repeated sweet breakfast consumption versus repeated non-sweet breakfast consumption on subsequent sweet and non-sweet food preferences and intakes

Detailed Description: Participants will be randomized to receive either sweet or non-sweet breakfasts for three consecutive weeks, and impacts on food preferences and intakes will be assessed at baseline (day 0), after 1 week (day 7), and after three weeks (day 21). Preferences for sweet and non-sweet foods will be assessed during two taste tests at each assessment time, where six different foods will be rated. Sweet and non-sweet food consumption will also be measured at two meals at each assessment time - breakfast and lunch. Identical buffet meals composed of sweet and non-sweet foods suitable for consumption at breakfast and lunch will be provided ad-libitum. Intervention breakfasts will only be consumed on the days between test days.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Non-sweet food consumption	Non-sweet food consumption	Non-sweet breakfasts. Participants are asked to consume a non-sweet breakfast every day for three weeks (excepting on three days when outcomes will be assessed (days 0, 7 and 21, day 21 reported). All foods will be provided.
Sweet food consumption	Sweet food consumption	Sweet breakfasts. Participants are asked to consume a sweet breakfast every day for three weeks (excepting on three days when outcomes will be assessed (days 0, 7 and 21, day 21 reported). All foods will be provided.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Food Preferences	3 weeks from baseline	Ratings of three sweet and three non-sweet foods during a taste test at breakfast. Ratings measured using 100mm VAS scales for different hedonic factors - pleasure, sweetness, desire to eat). Scores range from 0-100 where 0=least and 100=greatest for each hedonic factor. Assessments made on Day 0, 7 and 21, Day 21 reported.
Food Intake	3 weeks from baseline	Amount of sweet and non-sweet foods consumed during breakfast on test days (days 0, 7 and 21, day 21 reported)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Hunger Ratings	3 weeks from baseline	Ratings of subjective perceptions (two meals). Ratings measured using 100mm VAS scales for different subjective factors - hunger, thirst, fullness. Scores range from 0-100 where 0=least and 100=greatest for each subjective factor. Assessments made on Day 0, 7 and 21, Day 21 reported.
Food Preferences at Lunch	3 weeks from baseline	Ratings of three sweet and three non-sweet foods during a taste test at lunch. Measures are the same as those used at breakfast. Ratings measured using 100mm VAS scales for different hedonic factors - pleasure, sweetness, desire to eat). Scores range from 0-100 where 0=least and 100=greatest for each hedonic factor. Assessments made on Day 0, 7 and 21, Day 21 reported.
Food Intake at Lunch	3 weeks from baseline	Amount of sweet and non-sweet foods consumed during lunch on test days (days 0, 7 and 21, day 21 reported).