Effectiveness of Interactive Exergame to Improve Physical and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults With Sarcopenia

Function ability

Time Frame: Change from Baseline function ability at Week 12

Function ability test will be determined by the timed up and go test (TUG). Participants will be asked to rise from a chair, walk three meters, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down. The times(s) to complete the task will be recorded. Higher than 12s indicate weakness in function ability.

Cognitive function

Time Frame: Change from Baseline cognitive function at Week 12

Cognitive function will be evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), which includes visuospatial abilities, short-term memory recall task, multiple aspects of executive functions, attention, concentration, and working memory. The total score is 30 and the score less than 26 indicates mild cognitive impairment.

Lower limbs strength

Time Frame: Change from Baseline lower limbs strength at Week 12

Lower limbs strength will be assessed by the Five Times Sit to Stand. Participants will be asked to sit on the chair with arms folded across their chest, and stand up and sit down as quickly as possible for 5 times. The time (s) to complete the task will be recorded.The time more than 12 seconds indicates weakness in lower limbs strength.

Appendicular muscle mass

Time Frame: Change from Baseline appendicular muscle mass at Week 12

Appendicular muscle mass will be assessed by the Body Impedance Analysis (BIA).Participants will be asked to stand on the machine and hold the handle of the machine. Female less than 5.7kg/m2 and male less than 7 kg/m2 indicate lower muscle mass.

Hand grip

Time Frame: Change from Baseline hand grip at Week 12

Dominant hand grip (kg) will measured by a dynamometer. Participants will stand with their arms down by their sides. They will squeeze the dynamometer with maximum isometric effort, which is maintained for 6 seconds. Female less than 18 kg and man less than 28 kg indicate weakness in grip strength.

Fear of falling

Time Frame: Change from Baseline fear of falling at Week 12

Fear of falling will be measured by the Falls Efficacy Scale- International (FES-I). The FES-I rates each daily task from "no confident at all" to "completely confident". The total score is between 16 and 64, and the score more than 28 indicates higher level of fear of falling.

Static balance

Time Frame: Change from Baseline static balance at Week 12

Static balance test will be assessed by the modified Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction in Balance(mCTSIB), The mCTSIB was developed as a clinical version of the Sensory Organization Test and was developed to assesses sensory contributions to postural control. Participants will stand with their hands at their sides, feet together and perform the following 4 sensory conditions: (1) Stand on firm surface with eyes open (2) Stand on firm surface with eyes closed (3) Stand on foam surface with eyes open (4) Stand on foam surface with eyes closed. Each condition will be timed for maximum 30 seconds. The test is terminated when a participant's arms or feet moves. If participants are unable to maintain the position for 30 seconds, they are then provided with 2 additional attempts. The time (s) to complete each condition will be recorded.If they can't complete this test indicate weakness in static balance

Walking ability

Time Frame: Change from Baseline walking ability at Week 12

Walking ability test will be measured by the 6 meter walk test. Participant will be asked to walk at their self-selected speed. The time for the middle 6 meters will be recorded and walking speed (m/s) will be calculated.