Lipodystrophy and Fat Metabolism During Exercise
- Conditions
- HealthyLipodystrophy, Familial Partial
- Interventions
- Dietary Supplement: CaffeineDietary Supplement: High-carbohdyrate breakfastBehavioral: 60-minutes of steady state exercise
- Registration Number
- NCT04056000
- Lead Sponsor
- University of Exeter
- Brief Summary
Mandibular dysplasia with deafness and progeroid features (MDP) syndrome is a rare genetic metabolic disorder that causes lipodystrophy: the inability of the body to store subcutaneous adipose tissue (fat under the skin). This creates a unique scenario where any ingested fat is diverted to the abdomen and liver, often leading to diabetes.
The investigators have an opportunity to study an individual with MDP who has competed in and won national para-cycling championships and is able to prevent/control his diabetes by regular bicycle training. He has approached us for advice on nutritional strategies to improve his cycling performance, and insight into how he uses fat during exercise.
The investigators also wish to study a moderately-trained cyclist with Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL). Those with FPL show a different pattern of lipodystrophy than those with MDP, allowing us to further increase the investigator's understanding of fat utilisation in those with lipodystrophy during exercise.
The investigators know how subcutaneous fat is used during exercise, and how duration, nutrition, carbohydrate availability, and exercise intensity can affect this. The investigators aim to investigate these processes during exercise in MDP and FPL. This will potentially provide nutrition and performance advice to the individuals, and insight on fat use in lipodystrophy and diabetes.
- Detailed Description
During prolonged sub-maximal endurance exercise, both fat and carbohydrate are readily used substrates. The relative contribution and regulation of either is dependent on substrate availability (endogenous and exogenous), the duration of exercise, and the intensity of exercise. For example, exercising under fasted or caffeine supplemented conditions increases adipose tissue lipolysis, free fatty acid availability, and thus fat utilisation, whilst exercising under fed or carbohydrate loaded conditions increases glucose availability from elevated liver and muscle glycogen stores, and thus carbohydrate utilisation. This is important during prolonged sub-maximal exercise because when the limited endogenous carbohydrate stores are depleted, the body must rely more on fat. However, it is not known whether this regulation is present in conditions such as MDP and FPL where there is essentially no adipose tissue.
The investigators have an opportunity to study an individual with MDP who has competed in and won national para-cycling championships. He has approached us for advice on nutritional strategies to improve his cycling performance, and insight into how he uses fat during exercise. Intriguingly, the individual has provided anecdotal evidence that exercising under fasted conditions severely impairs his performance but that the use of caffeine improves his performance. He also states that he uses carbohydrate feeding strategies before and during prolonged exercise but is unsure whether it helps or not. This raises two fundamental questions that should be answered before any nutritional advice should be given (e.g. should a pre-exercise fat feeding or low glycemic index carbohydrate strategy be adopted?):
1. Do fasting and caffeine stimulate lipolysis in lipodystrophy and, if so, where is the fat coming from?
2. Does carbohydrate feeding before exercise impair lipolysis in lipodystrophy?
In order to answer these questions, the investigators need to directly measure rates of fat and carbohydrate utilisation from the circulation and muscle stores during exercise in the individual and a control participant using a stable isotope infusion approach. As well as providing results of significant scientific interest to the lipodystrophy field (researchers, clinicians, patients) and answering fundamental exercise physiology questions on substrate availability, the investigators hope that the outcomes will offer a substantial platform for improving the participant's knowledge of exercise nutrition and exercise performance.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- WITHDRAWN
- Sex
- Male
- Target Recruitment
- Not specified
Not provided
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- CROSSOVER
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Exercising following the ingestion of a high-carbohydrate br 60-minutes of steady state exercise 60 minutes of cycling, with the ingestion of a high-carbohydrate breakfast and 200 mg of caffeine. Exercising in the absence of breakfast or caffeine ingestion 60-minutes of steady state exercise 60 minutes of cycling, without the ingestion of breakfast, or caffeine. Exercising following the ingestion of caffeine only 60-minutes of steady state exercise 60 minutes of cycling, with the ingestion of 200 mg of caffeine. Exercising following the ingestion of a high-carbohydrate br High-carbohdyrate breakfast 60 minutes of cycling, with the ingestion of a high-carbohydrate breakfast and 200 mg of caffeine. Exercising following the ingestion of a high-carbohydrate br Caffeine 60 minutes of cycling, with the ingestion of a high-carbohydrate breakfast and 200 mg of caffeine. Exercising following the ingestion of caffeine only Caffeine 60 minutes of cycling, with the ingestion of 200 mg of caffeine.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Substrate utilisation Throughout the 60 minute cycle n..b. Please be aware that the below is a single, composite measure, wherein no single outcome measure cannot exist without the other. As such, it is presented as is, below.
How carbohydrate and caffeine ingestion can affect the contribution to energy expenditure during 1 hour of exercise at 55%Wmax from:
1. Plasma free fatty acids
2. Plasma glucose
3. Muscle glycogen
4. Fat from other sources (predominantly muscle)
This will be calculated from
1. Plasma free fatty acid oxidation: Production of breath 13CO2 from a continuous infusion of \[U-13C\]palmitate
2. Plasma glucose oxidation: The rate of disappearance of labelled \[6, 6-2H2\] glucose from a continuous infusion
3. Muscle glycogen = Total carbohydrate oxidation - plasma glucose oxidation
4. Fat from other sources = total fat oxidation - plasma free fatty acid oxidation
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Heart rate Throughout the 60 minute cycle Heart rate will be measured throughout with the use of a heart rate monitor.
Plasma glucose concentrations Throughout the 60 minute cycle A cannula will be used to draw blood from subjects at several time points. Whole blood samples will be analysed immediately for plasma glucose.
Plasma lactate concentrations Throughout the 60 minute cycle A cannula will be used to draw blood from subjects at several time points. Whole blood samples will be analysed immediately for plasma lactate.
Plasma NEFA concentrations Throughout the 60 minute cycle A cannula will be used to draw blood from subjects at several time points. At the end of the trial, plasma samples will be moved to a -80°C freezer for later analysis for NEFA.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
School of Sport and Health Sciences
🇬🇧Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom