Effect of Instrumented and Non Instrumented Breathing Exercise Along With Endurance Training On Pulmonary Functions And Functional Capacity Of Obese Hypertensive Individuals An Experimental Study

This study focuses on assessing the impact of instrumented and non-instrumented breathing exercises, combined with endurance training, on the pulmonary functions and functional capacity of obese hypertensive individuals. Hypertension and obesity are significant global health concerns, often occurring together, and are associated with impaired pulmonary function, reduced exercise tolerance, and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Effective interventions are needed to address these complications and improve the quality of life for affected individuals.

The study will include 130 participants aged 30-60 years with a history of hypertension (≥5 years) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²). Participants will be divided into two groups. Group 1 will perform endurance training combined with incentive spirometry, while Group 2 will perform endurance training combined with inspiratory diaphragm breathing (IDB) and expiratory pursed-lip breathing (EPLB) exercises. Both groups will follow a structured 4-week program consisting of treadmill and cycling exercises at low intensity (not exceeding 20% of HRR), gradually increasing in duration over the weeks. Each group will also perform their respective breathing exercises for 15 minutes, 5 days a week.

Outcome measures include pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV1, PEF) and functional capacity, assessed through the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), will be measured before and after the intervention. By comparing the results, the study aims to determine the effectiveness of instrumented versus non-instrumented breathing exercises in improving respiratory health and functional endurance.

This research is designed to explore optimal rehabilitation strategies for obese hypertensive individuals, offering evidence-based approaches to enhance lung function, exercise tolerance, and overall well-being.