Comparison of Intravenous Haloperidol and Ondansetron Administered Intraoperatively in Reducing the Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in Patients Undergoing Regional Anesthesia With Subarachnoid Block (RA-SAB)
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 40
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) within 24 Hours After Surgery
研究概览
简要总结
This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of intravenous haloperidol and ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing surgery with subarachnoid block (spinal anesthesia). PONV is a common postoperative complication that can delay recovery, cause patient discomfort, and increase healthcare costs.
In this randomized, double-blind, prospective trial, eligible male patients aged 18-60 years undergoing elective surgeries under regional anesthesia were enrolled. Participants were assigned to receive either haloperidol or ondansetron during the intraoperative period. Both drugs are widely used antiemetic agents: haloperidol is a dopamine receptor antagonist, and ondansetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.
The primary objective was to assess the incidence of PONV within 24 hours after surgery. Results showed that haloperidol significantly reduced PONV incidence compared to ondansetron, with minimal adverse effects. The study suggests that intravenous haloperidol may be a cost-effective and well-tolerated alternative to ondansetron for PONV prevention in selected patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.
详细描述
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains one of the most common and distressing complications following surgery. Even with the use of regional anesthesia such as subarachnoid block (SAB), patients may still experience PONV, which affects recovery quality and increases healthcare burdens. Although antiemetic agents like ondansetron are commonly used, comparative studies evaluating alternative drugs such as haloperidol are limited, particularly in the context of spinal anesthesia.
This study was conducted to fill this gap by comparing the effectiveness of intravenous haloperidol and ondansetron in preventing PONV in patients undergoing surgery with subarachnoid block. The trial was carried out at RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan and Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Medan in Indonesia. A total of 40 male patients were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups to receive either intravenous haloperidol or ondansetron during the intraoperative period. The study design was double-blind, ensuring that both participants and medical personnel were unaware of the treatment allocations.
The primary outcome measured was the incidence of PONV within 24 hours after surgery. Data collection included patient demographics, APFEL risk scores, side effects (if any), and clinical observations. The haloperidol group had significantly fewer cases of PONV (2.5%) compared to the ondansetron group (30%). Additionally, both treatments were well tolerated with minimal adverse events. One case of mild sedation was noted in the haloperidol group, but no serious complications occurred in either group.
This study concludes that intravenous haloperidol is more effective than ondansetron in reducing PONV among male patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Given its cost-effectiveness and favorable safety profile, haloperidol may be considered as an alternative antiemetic in clinical settings, particularly in resource-limited environments. However, further studies involving larger, gender-balanced populations are recommended to validate these findings and expand their generalizability.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
Double-blind masking: Both participants and clinical team members, including data collectors and assessors, were unaware of the treatment allocation.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 60 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Male patients aged 18-60 years
- •Undergoing elective surgery under regional anesthesia (Subarachnoid Block)
- •Non-smokers
- •Hemodynamically stable
- •Surgical site involving gastrointestinal, pelvic, genital, perineal, or urologic regions
- •Supine surgical position
排除标准
- •Use of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia
- •Known allergy to haloperidol or ondansetron
- •Systemic infection, neuropathy, or coagulopathy
- •Severe anxiety, psychiatric, or neuromuscular conditions
- •Hormonal imbalances, gastritis, or pregnancy
- •Conversion to general anesthesia due to block failure
- •Intraoperative complications such as shock
- •Abnormally prolonged surgery duration
研究组 & 干预措施
Haloperidol IV Group
Participants in this arm received a single dose of intravenous haloperidol (1-2 mg) administered intraoperatively during surgery under subarachnoid block (RA-SAB). The goal was to evaluate its effectiveness in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The administration was performed under blinded conditions, and patients were monitored for PONV occurrence and side effects for 24 hours postoperatively.
干预措施: Haloperidol (Drug)
Ondansetron IV Group
Participants in this arm received a single dose of intravenous ondansetron (4 mg) administered intraoperatively during surgery under subarachnoid block (RA-SAB). This group served as the active comparator to assess the relative effectiveness of ondansetron versus haloperidol in preventing PONV. Monitoring included assessment of PONV incidence and side effects for 24 hours postoperatively.
干预措施: Ondansetron 4mg (Drug)
结局指标
主要结局
Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) within 24 Hours After Surgery
时间窗: Within 24 hours postoperatively
The occurrence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting was assessed using a validated simplified PONV impact scale. Patients were monitored for symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or dry retching within 24 hours after receiving either haloperidol or ondansetron. The outcome was recorded as binary (Yes/No).
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Rully Riyandika
Sumatera Utara University
Universitas Sumatera Utara