Reducing Adolescent Pregnancy in the Emergency Department

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Adolescent Behavior
Emergency Department
Contraception

Interventions: Behavioral: Multi-Level Intervention
Behavioral: Enhanced Standard of Care

Registration Number: NCT04744155

Lead Sponsor: Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City

Brief Summary: A multi-site randomized trial. Adolescents enrolled in this Clinical Trial will be enrolled into one of two arms. Adolescents in both arms will receive motivational interviewing enhanced counseling and a referral for follow up care. Those randomized in the Multi-level intervention arm will be offered immediate Emergency Department based contraception in addition to receiving a warm referral (providing help with scheduling follow-up care).

Detailed Description: Unintended adolescent pregnancy is a major public health problem linked to pregnancy-induced hypertension, low birthweight, and prematurity. In addition, adolescent pregnancies cost an estimated $9.4 billion annually. Though declining, U.S. rates remain among the highest in the developed world. Highly effective methods exist, but adolescents face unique, multi-level barriers to contraceptive access and use. Thus, the vast majority of pregnancies are due to contraceptive non-use or incorrect use. Many, especially minority and uninsured youth, do not attend health maintenance visits; among those who do, seconds is spent discussing sexuality and contraceptive use is not routinely assessed. Multi-level interventions to increase access to contraceptive counseling and all contraceptive types are desperately needed.

As adolescent access to affordable, confidential contraceptive care has worsened in recent years, one approach to increase access is to utilize non-traditional settings, such as Emergency Departments (EDs). The Society for Academic Medicine recognizes the ED as an "effective site for preventive care," evidenced by organizational conferences, consensus statements, and specialized training opportunities to reduce disparities stemming from social determinants of health. Adolescents make 19 million ED visits annually, commonly for non-urgent or reproductive complaints; for many, this may be their only contact with a provider. Adolescents in the ED frequently report unprotected intercourse. The pregnancy risk index (PRI), an estimate of pregnancy risk in the subsequent 12 months, for adolescent females in two EDs was more than three times greater than the national average. Lacking a primary provider was associated with higher PRI scores. While the need for reproductive care is evident, the majority of ED-based studies have focused on screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV and a few, primarily single-site studies have reported on acceptability of hypothetical reproductive care. Among the few addressing pregnancy prevention, most focused on emergency contraception or increasing clinic referral, with mixed results. A small open trial provided counseling and clinic referral for those wanting to initiate contraception. Only 22% completed the referral and one was found to be pregnant at her first clinic visit. Lack of transportation was the most common reason for not completing referral. Because interventions to address multi-level barriers and increase contraception access are sorely needed, the investigator aims to evaluate the feasibility of a novel ED-based intervention, utilizing a mixed methods approach.

Scientific Premise: Many adolescents in the ED are at high-risk of pregnancy yet accepting of reproductive intervention; however, no work describes best practices for ED-based contraceptive provision. Thus, the investigator proposes a randomized trial to evaluate MLI, which includes ED-based contraceptive initiation (i.e., oral pill, transdermal patch, vaginal ring, injection, or subdermal implant) vs. eSOC, for adolescents in two EDs utilizing APPs in a collaborative care model. Thus, the investigator will use a rigorous framework from Bowen et al. to evaluate feasibility constructs (see Table 1 for construct definitions) among adolescents and organizational personnel (i.e., study Advanced Practice Practitioners (APPs), adolescent medicine specialists, ED nursing and Reducing Adolescent Pregnancy in the Emergency Department leaders) in two unique EDs.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: Female

Target Recruitment: 37

Inclusion Criteria

Females who report past/anticipated intercourse with a male partner within previous year or intent to be sexually active with a male partner in next few months
Do not desire pregnancy
Not using intrauterine device (IUD) or Sub-dermal Implant
English-speaking

Exclusion Criteria

Females who report current pregnancy or have positive urine pregnancy test
Patient has a developmental delay limiting participation
Patient is presenting in the ED after sexual assault
Patient is too ill to be screened

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Multi-Level Intervention	Multi-Level Intervention	All adolescents receive the Motivational Interviewing (MI) enhanced counseling and clinic referral.Those randomized to MLI will be offered immediate, ED-based contraception (i.e., oral pill, transdermal patch, vaginal ring, injection, subdermal implant) in addition to receive a warm referral (provider helping to schedule follow-up appointment) to follow-up on selected method (or to initiate in clinic, if preferred)
Enhanced Standard of Care	Enhanced Standard of Care	All adolescents receive the Motivational Interviewing (MI) enhanced counseling and clinic referral. eSOC participants may obtain contraception only at the referral.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Adolescent Feasibility of Intervention	1 visit on day 1	The intervention will be deemed feasible if the median score across all items is ≥ 3. Individual responses range from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater feasibility using the investigator created Feasibility Assessment.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method

Trial Locations

Locations (2): Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
🇺🇸
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Children's Mercy Hospital
🇺🇸
Kansas City, Missouri, United States