Neuromodulation for Depression in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Overview
- Phase
- N/A
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Sponsor
- Yale University
- Enrollment
- 60
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Change in eye tracking (ET) to sad faces
- Status
- Recruiting
- Last Updated
- 10 months ago
Overview
Brief Summary
This study will assess clinical and behavioral measures along with electroencephalogram (EEG), event-related potentials (ERPS), and eye-tracking (ET) prior to and following a single intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) session to provide preliminary insight into the potential of TMS as an intervention for depression in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
Detailed Description
Participants will complete two separate sessions, approximately one week apart, with each session including: 1) a baseline assessment of neuropsychological, cognitive and behavioral function, 2) neural and visual attentional social response (EEG/ET paradigm), 3) a single iTBS session or sham stimulation to the left DLPFC, and 4) poststimulation assessment of neural and visual attentional social response (EEG/ET paradigm). The order of active stimulation versus sham will be randomized such that half of the participants in each group get the sham stimulation during the first session and half will get active stimulation in the first session then crossover. EEG and eye-tracking will take approximately 60-minutes and will be collected pre-and-post TMS administration.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Individuals from Yale University and the surrounding community who are between the ages of 18 and 40 years old with or without a diagnosis of depression. Or individuals between the ages of 18 and 40 years old with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, autistic disorder, PDD NOS, or Asperger syndrome with or without a diagnosis of depression.
- •A depression score on the HDRS-17 of at least 20 will be used as a cut-off for depression.
- •Participants are unmedicated or on stable medication treatment for at least two weeks.
- •Willingness and ability to participate in an EEG and eye-tracking procedure.
- •Provision of signed and dated informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Participants reporting significant head trauma or serious brain illness.
- •Participants unable to provide signed informed consent.
- •Participants with major psychiatric illness that would preclude completion of study measures. Participants with diagnosis of a psychotic or bipolar illness with be excluded.
- •Participants with a history of serious medical illness, stroke, seizures, epileptiform EEG abnormalities, or family history of epilepsy.
- •Participants taking prescription medications that may affect cognitive processes under study.
- •Participants taking any medication that may increase their risk of seizures.
- •Participants who have taken alcohol or recreational drugs within the preceding 24 hours prior to the scheduled study visit as determined by the urine toxicology test.
- •Participants with a history of substance or alcohol abuse or dependence in the past 6 months.
- •Participants with a significant risk of suicide or a h/o suicide attempt in the last 6 months. Participants with active suicidal ideation will be excluded from the study.
- •Females of known/suspected pregnancy or who test positive on a pregnancy test.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Change in eye tracking (ET) to sad faces
Time Frame: baseline and up to week 2
ET will measure participant attention to the screen and be used to ensure that participants are looking at the stimulus display screen during the course of the experimental paradigms. Change in Proportion of fixation (POF) to the eye region in sad faces as measured by ET.
Change in Auditory Steady State Response (ASSR)
Time Frame: baseline and up to week 2
ASSR measures an electrophysiological response in the human cortex after presenting stimulation consisting of pure tones at certain frequencies. For assessment of ASSRs, subjects will sit in an acoustically shielded booth in front of a computer monitor with eyes open, while passively listening to click trains presented through Etymotic insert ER-1 earphones (Etymotic Research, Elk Grove Village, IL). Stimuli will consist of standard, unattended (nontarget) auditory click trains from a three-stimulus oddball tasks. The output is thus measured in the EEG recording which is analyzed in the frequency domain. Measures of inter-trial coherence (ITC) are used to determine neural synchrony through the ASSR task, by quantifying the degree of phase consistency across trials. ASSR Power is the magnitude of the brain's voltage response to a stimulus and the consistency across trials of the time course of this time-locked response.
Change in Electroencephalogram (EEG) brain responses to sad faces
Time Frame: baseline and up to week 2
As measured by amplitude and latency of event related potentials (ERP) (the right lateralized P100, P200 and amplitude of N170) to sad faces. EEG: an electrophysiological assay that measures brain activity from the scalp.
Secondary Outcomes
- Change in Frith Happé Animations Task(baseline and up to week 2)
- Change in ET to different emotionally valenced faces(baseline and up to week 2)
- Change in ET to neutral faces and non-social stimuli(baseline and up to week 2)
- Change in neural processing on EEG to sad faces(baseline and up to week 2)