EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER VISITING SIR SUNDERLAL HOSPITAL BHU

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a biologically based neurodevelopmental disorder

characterized by core deficits in two key domains: social communication/interaction and

restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior. The term "spectrum" in ASD acknowledges the

wide variability in how individuals are affected, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe,

often accompanied by overlapping comorbidities.

The prevalence of ASD is estimated at 1 in 59 persons by the U.S. Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention (CDC). The prevalence increased significantly over the past 25 years,

primarily because of improved diagnosis and case finding as well as inclusion of less severe

presentations within the autism spectrum. There is a 4:1 male predominance. The prevalence

is increased in siblings (up to 10% recurrence rate) and particularly in identical twins. There

are no racial or ethnic differences in prevalence. Individuals from racial minorities and lower

socioeconomic status are at risk for later diagnosis.

Autism: The Ayurvedic viewpoint

A behavioral abnormality with its roots situated in the malfunctioning neuropsychological system

and disorder in the digestive and metabolic system is considered to be an Unmada by Ayurveda.

There are places where one or more of the mental abilities can go wrong. There are various types

of inappropriate behavior shown by the person as a result of the distortion of the normal mind,

intellect, conscious awareness, memory, desire, manner, and behavior in the whole concept of

unmada.

In the concept of unmada, we see some of the affected faculties that can be seen in Autism

spectrum disorders. That involve impairments of

• Manas – mind-total or partial loss of sensory perception

• Buddhi—intellect—partially affected—could be irregular as shown in savant skill.

• Samjna Jnana – an aware presence – seen to be lost in their own environment, barring one

or more sensory stimuli.

• Bhakti – ability – inherent willingness to connect with others

• Seela – manners – socially inappropriate outbursts and adherence to strict rigid routines.

• Cheshta – Activities – Motor stereotypes that are improper and compulsive

• Achara – learned skills – poor socialization skills, failure to obey orders, loss of healthy

habits, etc.

• Knowledge of acquisition (Jnanotpathi), one of Manas; essential roles, is disrupted in

Unmada.

• Jnanotpathi occurs only when Manas is in tune with Atma (soul), Indriya (sense organ),

and Indriyartha (objects).