The Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment on the Structures in Eyes of the Patients With Depression
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 58
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- The Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment on thickness of Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in Eyes of the Patients with Depression
研究概览
简要总结
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) therapy is an approved and effective treatment option in treatment-resistant depression. The present study aims to investigate the effect of TMS treatment on eye structures such as retina, macula, and choroid. These patients will be evaluated using the Optic Coherence Tomography (OCT) device, which is routinely used in ophthalmology practice, before and after a month long TMS treatment. The main question it aims to answer is:
- Does TMS treatment influence the structures in eyes. The patients will visit the ophthalmology clinic before and after the TMS treatment.
- TMS treatment will be applied 5 days a week for 4 weeks.
详细描述
This prospective cohort study aims to investigate the impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on retinal structures in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). TRD represents a subset of major depressive disorder where patients do not adequately respond to conventional antidepressant treatments. Emerging evidence suggests that TMS, a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, can effectively alleviate symptoms in TRD patients. However, the implications of TMS on ocular health, particularly the retina, remain poorly understood. This study seeks to fill this knowledge gap by assessing retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macular, and choroidal thickness before and after a structured TMS treatment protocol.
The study will enroll 58 patients diagnosed with TRD according to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Illnesses (DSM-5) criteria. Participants will undergo a TMS treatment regimen using the MagVenture™ MagProX100™ device. The treatment protocol includes 20 sessions over four weeks, delivering 18,000 pulses in total. The stimulation targets the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with parameters set to achieve optimal therapeutic effects without inducing adverse side effects. Motor threshold measurements will be conducted prior to the initiation of treatment and adjusted weekly to maintain consistent treatment intensity. The control group will be consisted of 60 healthy participants. They will not be treated nor followed, they just will be evaluated for ophthalmologic measurements for once.
Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations will be performed on all patients both before and after the completion of the TMS treatment. These examinations will include assessments of RNFL, macula, and choroidal thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) equipped with an enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode. Psychiatric assessments using the the PAtient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham17) will be conducted to evaluate changes in the severity of depressive symptoms.
The primary objective is to determine whether TMS therapy induces changes in the thickness of the RNFL, macula, and choroid in TRD patients. Secondary objectives include evaluating the safety and tolerability of TMS in this population, assessing changes in depressive symptomatology, and examining potential interactions between TMS and concurrent antidepressant use.
Primary outcomes will focus on changes in retinal measurements pre- and post-TMS treatment. Secondary outcomes will assess the clinical response to TMS based on standard psychiatric scales, record any TMS-related side effects, and explore associations between treatment effects and antidepressant use.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Na
- 干预模型
- Single Group
- 主要目的
- Screening
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder according to DSM-5 TR.
- •Diagnosed with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder according to DSM-5 TR.
- •Lack of response to treatment after being administered at least two different antidepressants and anti-obsessive agents at effective doses and durations.
- •The clinical condition cannot be better explained by a metabolic or organic disorder.
- •Routine electroencephalography (EEG) findings before TMS do not indicate electrical activity consistent with an epileptic focus.
- •Routine blood tests before TMS show no conditions that could affect treatment levels, particularly thyroid issues, vitamin deficiencies, or inflammation parameters that might cause depression or cognitive impairment (consultation with relevant departments if necessary).
- •No history of hearing loss identified during routine evaluations (if a history of hearing loss exists, consultation will be requested; if none, the process will proceed accordingly).
排除标准
- •According to the pre-TMS risk assessment form, there is a contraindication for treatment,
- •Epileptic focus is detected in the pre-TMS electroencephalography findings,
- •Previous head trauma, loss of consciousness and intra-cerebral surgery,
- •A metal particle caused by an aneurysm clip, connection tongs or explosive substances that will affect the electromagnetic field in the brain,
- •A significant disorder in the thyroid hormone profile in routine blood checks before TMS,
- •A significant increase in inflammation markers in routine checks before TMS,
- •A vitamin deficiency that may cause cognitive impairment or forgetfulness in routine blood checks before TMS,
- •A presence of electrolyte imbalance in routine blood checks before TMS,
- •The patient has previously had a psychotic attack or bipolar mood attack,
- •The patient has previously had a substance-induced psychosis or bipolar mood disorder,
- •The patient has previously used substances known as alcohol, drugs or stimulants according to DSM-V TR and semi-structured clinical interview (SCID-5 TR) have abuse or addiction (except if they have not used in the last 12 months or have not abused alcohol),
- •Those who want to terminate TMS treatment voluntarily,
- •If an unexpected clinical situation occurs during TMS treatment, the patient will be excluded from the study.
研究组 & 干预措施
Treatment resistant depression group
Participants will be treated with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using the MagVenture™ MagProX100™ device. The treatment includes 20 sessions over 4 weeks, delivering 18000 pulses in total. The stimulation targets the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with parameters set to achieve optimal therapeutic effects without inducing adverse side effects. Motor threshold measurements are conducted prior to the initiation of treatment and adjusted weekly to maintain consistent treatment intensity.
Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations will be performed on all participants both before and after the completion of the TMS treatment. These examinations will include assessments of retinal nerve fiber layer, macula, and choroidal thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography equipped with an enhanced depth imaging mode. The patient health questionnaire and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale will be conducted to evaluate changes in the severity of depressive symptoms.
干预措施: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Biological)
结局指标
主要结局
The Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment on thickness of Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in Eyes of the Patients with Depression
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks
The changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in treatment resistant depression (TRD) patients before and after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment, as assessed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
The Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment on thickness of Macula in Eyes of the Patients with Depression
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks
The changes in macula in treatment resistant depression (TRD) patients before and after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment, as assessed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
The Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment on Choroidal Thickness in Eyes of the Patients with Depression
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks
The changes in choroid tissue in treatment resistant depression (TRD) patients before and after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment, as assessed by enhanced depth imaging in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT).
次要结局
- Retinal Structural Variations after Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks)
- Side Effects Assessment(From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks)
- Tracking reductions in depression severity(From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks)
- Drug Interaction Effects(From enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks)
研究者
Beyazit Garip
Medical Doctor
Gulhane Training and Research Hospital