Integrated Autonomic, Neuroendocrine and Peripheral Neurochemical Responses to Maximal Rowing Exercise and Early Recovery in Elite Athletes
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 15
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Change from baseline in serum cortisol concentration
研究概览
简要总结
The goal of this observational study is to characterize autonomic, neuroendocrine, and peripheral neurochemical responses to maximal rowing exercise and early recovery in highly trained male athletes.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- How do circulating concentrations of cortisol, testosterone, dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the testosterone-to-cortisol ratio change in response to maximal rowing exercise and during the first hour of recovery?
- How do autonomic cardiovascular parameters, including heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, and baroreflex sensitivity, change 3 hours after maximal exercise compared with baseline values?
- Do endocrine, peripheral neurochemical, and autonomic responses demonstrate similar or divergent recovery patterns following maximal exercise?
Participants will:
- Perform a maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test.
- Undergo venous blood sampling before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 1 hour after exercise recovery for assessment of endocrine and peripheral neurochemical markers.
- Undergo noninvasive cardiovascular and autonomic assessment using the Task Force Monitor System before exercise and 3 hours after exercise recovery.
详细描述
This observational study was conducted to investigate physiological responses to maximal rowing exercise and subsequent recovery in highly trained male athletes. The study employed a repeated-measures design, allowing assessment of exercise-induced changes across multiple physiological systems during distinct phases of recovery.
Participants completed a maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test under standardized laboratory conditions. Biological and physiological measurements were collected before exercise and during recovery according to a predefined protocol. Venous blood samples were obtained at baseline, immediately after exercise, and after 1 hour of recovery. Noninvasive autonomic and cardiovascular assessments were performed using the Task Force Monitor System before exercise and after 3 hours of recovery. The protocol was designed to capture both immediate biochemical responses and delayed autonomic recovery following maximal exercise.
The study focused on endocrine, peripheral neurochemical, and autonomic cardiovascular regulation. Peripheral neurochemical markers were assessed from blood samples and interpreted as components of the peripheral physiological response to exercise rather than direct indicators of central nervous system activity.
Data collection was performed under controlled laboratory conditions using standardized procedures. All measurements were obtained by trained investigators using calibrated equipment. Data quality was verified through routine review of laboratory and physiological recordings. Implausible values and technical artifacts were identified and evaluated before statistical analysis.
The planned sample size was based on the availability of elite athletes meeting the inclusion criteria and the repeated-measures design of the study. Statistical analyses were conducted using repeated-measures approaches appropriate for longitudinal within-subject data. Data distribution was assessed prior to analysis. Parametric or non-parametric tests were applied as appropriate. Effect sizes were calculated to complement significance testing. Associations between selected physiological variables were explored using correlation analyses. Missing data were handled using complete-case analysis, with no imputation procedures applied.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Retrospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 19 Years 至 24 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Highly trained rowers competing at national or international level Regular participation in structured rowing training Current sports medical clearance for maximal exercise testing Ability to complete a maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test Written informed consent to participate in the study
排除标准
- •Acute illness, infection, or injury before testing Any diagnosed cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, endocrine, or inflammatory disorder Use of medications or supplements that could affect cardiovascular, endocrine, metabolic, or neurochemical responses Inability to complete the maximal rowing test Inability or refusal to provide blood samples Non-compliance with study procedures or pre-test instructions
研究组 & 干预措施
Male elite rowers
干预措施: Maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test (Other)
Female elite rowers
干预措施: Maximal 6,000-m rowing ergometer test (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Change from baseline in serum cortisol concentration
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test), immediately after the end of the test, and after 1 hour of recovery.
Marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and exercise-induced endocrine response.
Change from baseline in serum testosterone concentration
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test), immediately after the end of the test, and after 1 hour of recovery.
Marker of anabolic status and exercise-induced endocrine response.
Change from baseline in testosterone-to-cortisol ratio (T/C)
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test), immediately after the end of the test, and after 1 hour of recovery.
Marker of anabolic-catabolic balance during exercise and recovery.
Change from baseline in serum dopamine concentration
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test), immediately after the end of the test, and after 1 hour of recovery.
Peripheral neurochemical marker associated with physiological responses to exercise and recovery.
Change from baseline in serum serotonin concentration
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test), immediately after the end of the test, and after 1 hour of recovery.
Peripheral neurochemical marker associated with exercise-induced physiological responses and recovery processes.
Change from baseline in serum gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test), immediately after the end of the test, and after 1 hour of recovery.
Peripheral neurochemical marker involved in physiological regulatory processes during exercise and recovery.
Change from baseline in systolic blood pressure (sBP)
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test) and after 3 hours of recovery.
Continuous beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure measured using the Task Force Monitor System.
Change from baseline in diastolic blood pressure (dBP)
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test) and after 3 hours of recovery.
Continuous beat-to-beat diastolic blood pressure measured using the Task Force Monitor System.
Change from baseline in mean blood pressure (mBP)
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test) and after 3 hours of recovery
Continuous beat-to-beat mean arterial pressure measured using the Task Force Monitor System.
Change from baseline in heart rate (HR)
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test) and after 3 hours of recovery
Heart rate derived from continuous electrocardiographic recordings.
Change from baseline in total power spectral density of RR intervals (PSD-RRI)
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test) and after 3 hours of recovery.
Total spectral power of heart rate variability obtained from power spectral analysis of RR intervals.
Change from baseline in low-frequency power of RR intervals (LF-RRI)
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test) and after 3 hours of recovery.
Low-frequency component of heart rate variability (0.04-0.15 Hz), reflecting combined sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation.
Change from baseline in high-frequency power of RR intervals (HF-RRI)
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test) and after 3 hours of recovery.
High-frequency component of heart rate variability (0.17-0.40 Hz), considered an indicator of parasympathetic modulation.
Change from baseline in LF/HF ratio
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test) and after 3 hours of recovery.
Ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency spectral power used as an index of sympathovagal balance.
Change from baseline in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS)
时间窗: At rest (before thercisee ex test) and after 3 hours of recovery.
Index of baroreflex function calculated using the spontaneous sequence method.
Change from baseline in baroreflex effectiveness index (BEI)
时间窗: At rest (before the exercise test) and after 3 hours of recovery.
Index quantifying the effectiveness of baroreflex-mediated cardiovascular regulation.
次要结局
- Change from baseline in blood lactate concentration(At rest (before the exercise test), immediately after the end of the test, and after 1 hour of recovery.)