Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori in Chronic Kidney Diseases in Assiut University Hospitals

Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped, gram-negative flagellated bacterium that usually resides in the gastric mucosa [1]. It affects approximately 50% of the world's population, even 80% in lower and middle outcome countries [1] [2].

The prevalence according to a study conducted by Ankouane et al. in Yaoundé (Cameroon) is up to 72.5% in hospital [3]. The main route of transmission is person to person transmission and often occurs in the first 5 years of life [4].

Helicobacter pylori is the most common human chronic infection, causing gastrointestinal diseases such as gastric malignancies, gastritis, and ulcerative diseases. H. pylori can also be involved in other non-gastrointestinal infections such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome, heart disease, hematologic disorders, cancer, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) as well as chronic renal failure (CRF) [5].

The risk factors for infection with H. pylori are low socioeconomic level, promiscuity, family history of H. pylori infection or gastritis, alcohol consumption, smoking [6].

The stomach is reported to be associated with conditions affecting other organs. Such as, an association between atrophic gastritis (AG) and coronary artery disease has been described, with AG representing a potential independent risk factor for coronary artery disease [7].