Study of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Case of Essure® Contraceptive Implants

It is estimated that 750,000 women (including 200,000 French) have benefited from permanent sterilization by ESSURE® contraceptive implant. The observation in some of these patients of gynecological and extra-gynecological symptoms leads to the surgical removal of these implants.

The pathophysiological mechanism(s) is (are) not yet determined. Several pathophysiological hypotheses have been proposed, in particular the inflammatory hypothesis. The investigators propose to study markers of inflammation (pro-inflammatory cytokines) in peritoneal fluid and blood. Cytokines are involved in the physiopathology of autoimmune diseases, infectious pathologies, or even cancer; they are used in everyday practice and can constitute a therapeutic target.

Based on the literature which finds a high concentration of cytokines in cases of endometriosis, and a low concentration in healthy control patients, the investigators want to assess inflammation in patients with Essure® implants.

The demonstration of one or more specifically increased cytokines in the Essure® group could validate the inflammatory hypothesis and lead to the implementation of specific treatments and relevant markers.