Pilot Study: Epinephrine, Dexamethasone, and Hypertonic Saline in Children With Bronchiolitis, Randomised Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety

Infections remain the leading cause of death globally, in 2010 from 7.6 million deaths in children under 5 years, 64% is attributed to an infectious cause, acute lower respiratory tract include 14.1% of all deaths, representing the leading cause of global mortality in children. In Mexico in children under 15 years the leading cause of death are conditions originating in the perinatal period, congenital malformations deformities and chromosomal abnormalities and third lower airway infections.

Bronchiolitis being the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants, with a global load elevated, represented by a hospitalization rate of 3% of the total population of children under one year. Estimated that only in the United States of America, the annual cost of hospitalizations of patients under one year with bronchiolitis exceeds $ 700 million / year. Unfortunately, there is evidence that hospital admission rates have increased almost twice in the last 10-15 years in the United States and Canada, and it occurs most impact in developing countries, where befall 99% of deaths related to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), the leading cause of infection of lower airways.

The etiology of the disease is attributed by 50 to 80% of all cases the RSV worldwide, has been reported in Mexico RSV as a cause of just over 80% of infections lower airway requiring hospitalization.

Given such alarming morbidity figures, note that the mortality from this disease is low, representing less than 400 deaths annually, perhaps explained by the wide clinical spectrum that presents.

Currently no management guide recommends specific treatment for bronchiolitis, in particular, it is necessary to mention the national clinical practice guideline, which emphasizes that there is no consensus on proper drug treatment for this disease.