The Effect of TENS Application Applied Before Mobilization on Pain in Children With Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- KTO Karatay University
- Enrollment
- 50
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Visual Analogue Scale
Overview
Brief Summary
The aim of the study which was planned in a randomized controlled experimental design, it was aimed to determine the effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) application on pain level before mobilization in the postoperative period in children.
Detailed Description
Children can often experience chronic muscle, bone, joint pain, headache and abdominal pain, and acutely experience pain due to postoperative and procedural procedures. Effective management of childhood pain is emphasized as a health priority by the World Health Organization and pain communities. The findings of various epidemiological studies emphasized that a significant proportion (49% to 64%) of children receiving treatment in a hospital setting received inadequate pain management services despite the increase in available knowledge and treatments. One of the situations in which pediatric patients encounter acute pain is the postoperative period. Mobilization is delayed in patients who cannot provide adequate pain control, and accordingly, serious complications such as impaired tissue perfusion, atelectasis and deep vein thrombosis may develop. There are studies on the use of TENS, one of the methods used in non-pharmacological pain management, in postoperative pain management in adults. Studies on pain management in children for TENS application are very limited today. There was no evidence for the effectiveness of TENS application applied before mobilization in the postoperative period in children.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- Single (Participant)
Masking Description
Single Blinded
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 7 Years to 12 Years (Child)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Be in the 7-12 age range
- •Abdominal surgery indication (appendicitis or inguinal region surgery)
- •Volunteering to participate in the study
- •Receiving monotherapy treatment for epilepsy
- •To be able to communicate in Turkish
Exclusion Criteria
- •Administering analgesic therapy other than routine administration
- •Patients who have difficulties in mobilization/complications during the operation will be excluded from the study.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Visual Analogue Scale
Time Frame: (Second measurement-1 minute on average before mobilization)
The scale consists of a horizontal or vertical ruler, 10 cm or 100 mm in length, showing "painlessness" at one end and "the most severe pain" at the other end. For children over the age of six, this scale is reported to be an easy-to-understand and easy-to-apply scale.
Child Introduction Form
Time Frame: (First measurement-After the operation, when the patient is taken to her bed and fully awakened)
The introductory information form was prepared by the researcher in line with the literature information. The introductory information form consists of 10 questions covering the characteristics of children and their families (age, gender, parental age, education level, family type, income status), and operational characteristics (patient's complaints, type of surgery, previous operation experience).
The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale
Time Frame: (Second measurement-1 minute on average before mobilization)
In this scale, there are six facial expressions representing the increasing pain intensity from 0 to 5 from left to right. Six facial expressions are scored between 0-5 points from left to right (0 points = very happy/no pain, 5 points = indicates the most severe pain). As the score obtained from the scale increases, pain tolerance decreases, and as the score decreases, the tolerance increases.
Children's Fear Scale
Time Frame: (Second measurement-1 minute on average before mobilization)
The mean score of the scale, which was translated into Turkish by five independent linguists, was 1.9 ± 0.1 (min=0, max=4). The scale can also be scored by the parent and the researcher. The scale consists of five drawn facial expressions ranging from a neutral expression (0=no anxiety) to a frightened face (4=severe anxiety).
Secondary Outcomes
No secondary outcomes reported