Evaluation of 3T, a Sex-Positive HIV/STI Mobile App Intervention for Young Black Men Ages 14-19 Attracted to Men

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: HIV/AIDS and Infections
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Sexual Behavior

Interventions: Behavioral: 3T Tune in! Turn on! Turn up!
Behavioral: General Health App

Registration Number: NCT04135443

Lead Sponsor: ETR Associates

Brief Summary: This study features a 2-arm randomized controlled trial with approximately 300 young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) to assess the effectiveness of the 3T mobile app. To be eligible participants will be required to identify as male; Black, African-American, or biracial Black/African American; age 14-19 at baseline; self-identify as gay, bisexual, fluid, or sexually attracted to men; own a smartphone, and reside in any state in the United States. Those in the treatment arm will be provided with the 3T app and those in the control group will be given access to a website with general health materials. Participants will complete brief online surveys at baseline and at 3-months following the baseline to assess effectiveness in changing sexual risk behaviors and communication and condom use behaviors and attitudes.

Detailed Description: The overarching aim of this proposed Phase II research project is to fill a gap in prevention by completing the development and establishing the effectiveness of 3T: Tune in, Turn on, Turn up, a multimedia interactive sex-positive smartphone app-delivered HIV and other sexually transmitted infection (STI) intervention designed for use by YBMSM ages 14-19. The larger and longer term aims of developing an intervention specifically tailored to this population, utilizing a technology platform to reach youth where they are, is to contribute to a reduction in HIV/STI risk, increase HIV testing, and an increase in the quality of overall sexual health and relationships among YBMSM. To do this 3T emphasizes partner reduction, avoidance of concurrent partners, use of condoms if having anal or vaginal sex, and getting HIV/STI tests. 3T also focuses on improving quality of sexual experience and relationships, helping participants become clearer about what they do/don't want to do sexually, communicating their choices, and learning ways to enhance sexual experience without increasing HIV/STI risk. dfusion and its research partner, ETR, will meet the following specific Phase II aims:

* In conjunction with advisory panel members, develop content and corresponding storyboards for all activities. The curriculum will include content on risk reduction, sexual health and the quality of sexual experiences, and developing healthy relationships;

* Successful development of the first mobile app-delivered STI/HIV prevention program specifically designed for YBMSM aged 14-19. Reaching this aim requires continued development of the app technology, including the multimedia interactive activities, games, data collection, activity randomization, and an asynchronous forum. Research shows that YBMSM use the Internet to find information related to sex and sexuality, find friends and sexual partners, and YBMSM are increasingly using mobile apps, such as Grindr, to meet sex partners.20 The reliance on mobile devices for education and entertainment make it the ideal technology platform for reaching the YBMSM audience;

* Conduct a rigorous evaluation to determine the effectiveness of the intervention to reduce HIV/STI risk.

The evaluation features a 2-arm randomized controlled trial with approximately 300 young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) to assess the effectiveness of the 3T mobile app. To be eligible participants will be required to identify as male; Black, African-American, or biracial Black/African American; age 14-19 at baseline; self-identify as gay, bisexual, fluid, or sexually attracted to men; own a smartphone, and reside in any state in the United States. Those in the treatment arm will be provided with the 3T app and those in the control arm will be asked to use a website with general health information. Participants will complete brief online surveys at baseline and at 3-months following the baseline to assess effectiveness in changing sexual risk behaviors and relationship and communication behaviors and attitudes.

Recruitment. We will use multiple methods to recruit participants: 1) Engaging Organizations. Approximately 15-20 organizations from across the U.S. that serve YBMSM will be approached to help recruit participants through social media and in-person 2) Using Social Media Advertising including targeted advertising on social media sites and sponsoring study posts with social media influencers in the YBMSM community.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: Male

Target Recruitment: 178

Inclusion Criteria

self-identification of being aged 14-19;
ownership of an iphone or Android smartphone
self-identification of racial identity as black, African American, or biracial; and
self-identifying as gay, bisexual, same gender loving, or sexually attracted to the same gender.
capacity to assent, based on formal assessment
a willingness to participate after complete understanding of the topics of study, as indicated by a completed assent form
resides in the US

Exclusion Criteria

Anyone not meeting inclusion criteria

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
3T Tune in! Turn on! Turn up!	3T Tune in! Turn on! Turn up!	The intervention is a mobile app delivered sexual health promotion program designed specifically for young black men who have sex with men or who are attracted to men. The mobile app will include more than 30 interactive activities including resource maps, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) content, and communication forums. The app helps participants to become clearer about what they do/don't want to do sexually, to communicate their choices. It also focuses on ways to increase healthy relationships, enhance sexual experience if having sex while reducing HIV/STI risk. The intervention/app is intended to be used regularly (e.g., two times per week) during the 90 day active participation period.
General Health App	General Health App	Participants will download a general health mobile app (focused on promoting drinking water). The control mobile app is intended to be used regularly during the 90 day active participation period.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Condomless Anal Intercourse or Condomless Vaginal Intercourse	3-months post baseline	Engaged in condomless receptive or insertive anal intercourse or condomless vaginal intercourse in the last 3 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Sexual Partners, no Condom, in the Last 3 Months	3-months post baseline	# partners with whom had anal or vaginal sex without using condoms in the last 3 months
Self-reported STI/HIV Testing in Last Three Months	3-months post baseline	Number of times reported having been tested for STI, including HIV in the last 3 months
Dyadic Communication Scale	3-months post baseline	Scale measures beliefs regarding communication with partner about sexual desires/behavior. Average of 6 items on a 5-point scale (1 to 5), with a range of 1 - 5, with a higher score indicating better outcomes
Condom Attitudes Scale	3-months post baseline	Scale measures attitudes regarding condoms. Average of 21 items on a 4-point scale (1 to 4), with a range of 1 - 4, with a higher score indicating better outcomes
Condom Self-Efficacy Scale	3-months post baseline	Scale measures perceived self-efficacy to use condoms. Average of 4 items on a 4-point scale (1 to 4), with a range of 1 - 4, with a higher score indicating better outcomes
Attitudes Towards Lube	3-months post baseline	Scale measures attitudes towards lube. Average of 3 items on a 4-point scale (1-4), with a range of 1-4, with a higher score indicating more positive attitudes towards lube