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Clinical Trials/NCT03243136
NCT03243136CompletedNot Applicable

The Association Between Food Insecurity and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Canada: A Population-based Cohort Study

Christopher Tait0 sites4,739 target enrollmentStarted: January 1, 2004Last updated:
Conditions

Trial Snapshot

Phase
Not Applicable
Status
Completed
Sponsor
Enrollment
4,739
Primary Endpoint
Type 2 diabetes

Study Overview

Brief Summary

A pervasive and persistent finding is the health disadvantage experienced by those in food insecure households. While clear associations have been identified between food insecurity and diabetes risk factors, less is known about the relationship between food insecurity and incident type 2 diabetes.

The objective of this study is to investigate the association between household food insecurity and the future development of type 2 diabetes.

The investigators used data from Ontario adult respondents to the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, linked to health administrative data (n = 4,739). Food insecurity was assessed with the Household Food Security Survey Module and incident type 2 diabetes cases were identified by the Ontario Diabetes Database. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes as a function of food insecurity.

Detailed Description

Globally, there are over 200 million people living with type 2 diabetes. Aging populations, steadily increasing obesity rates, increases in sedentary behaviours, and decreases in diabetes-related mortality signal that the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes will continue to grow.

In Canada, type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions and is the 7th leading cause of mortality. Over the last decade, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Canada has increased by 72%, with 11 million Canadians currently living with diabetes or pre-diabetes. This number is expected to rise to 13.9 million (33% of Canadians) by 2026.

Much of the body of literature concerning type 2 diabetes focuses on management and control. Research that is geared towards prevention focuses heavily on the modification of individual risk behaviours, while less attention is given to the broader social determinants of increased type 2 diabetes risk.

Household food security is a broad measure of socioeconomic status that is not traditionally included in health research. Household food insecurity is experienced when there is uncertainty regarding, or disruption in, food intake or eating patterns by at least one member of a household due to financial constraints, resulting in inadequate or insecure access to food.

Food insecurity has been identified as a significant social and health problem in Canada . It was first measured in 2004, where it was estimated that 9.2% of Canadian households were food insecure. The most recent estimate from 2014 indicates that this number has risen to 12%, representing 3.2 million Canadians.

Study Design

Study Type
Observational
Observational Model
Cohort
Time Perspective
Prospective

Eligibility Criteria

Ages
18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
Sex
All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes

Inclusion Criteria

  • Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

  • Not provided

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Type 2 diabetes

Time Frame: 2004-2016

Incident type 2 diabetes

Secondary Outcomes

No secondary outcomes reported

Investigators

Sponsor
Christopher Tait
Sponsor Class
Other
Responsible Party
Sponsor Investigator
Principal Investigator

Christopher Tait

PhD Candidate

University of Toronto

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