Effect of standard treatment for Iron deficiency anemia over effects of fortified dark chocolate with iron and folic acid among school children

Iron deficiency (ID), the primary cause of anemia, has adverse effects on both human health and socioeconomic development, with increased susceptibility to infections, elevated risk of maternal and child mortality, impaired cognitive and physical development of children, and lower work productivity of adults .The 2011 estimates suggest anemia affects around 800 million children and women worldwide. Anemia is primarily caused by iron deficiency but also by other micronutrient deficiencies such as vitamins B2, folate, and B12.

Iron  deficiency during the school years can impair physical and mental development and reduce school attendance by increasing morbidity. Some studies reported that it is still possible to improve cognition at school age by improving iron status , as well as positive effects on morbidity and growth, but the overall effects on these outcomes were equivocal and more evidence is required from studies in different contexts.

              Food fortification is an effective and cost effective, medium-term approach to improve micronutrient status and is sustainable once established. Since the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies are generally higher and the consequences are graver in children, the identification of a child friendly vehicle is important.