The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Education on Stress Perception and Well-Being in Caregivers of Individuals Diagnosis With Schizophrenia
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Halic University
- Enrollment
- 57
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Perceived Stress Scale
Study Overview
Brief Summary
The research is carried out by PhD student Azize Gözde Atakoğlu under the supervision of Associate Professor Gülcan Kendirkıran.
This study was conducted with a randomized control group, experimental research design in order to determine the effects of mindfulness-based training on stress perception and well-being in caregivers of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. The research data were collected at the Community Mental Health Center affiliated with a Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul between 15 September 2022 and 1 February 2023. Before commencing the study, an ethical approval decision was obtained from the Haliç University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (May 25, 2022-90). Subsequently, an institutional permit for the study (June 28, 2022-637) was obtained from the Istanbul Provincial Health Directorate Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital, along with the ethics committee approval. The sample of the study consisted of caregivers of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, 15 in the intervention group, 15 in the psychoeducation group, and 30 in the control group (n=60). The study data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWS), Participant Experience Form (PEF), Post-Experience Stress Assessment Questionnaire (PSSQ), and Home Application Note Form. Frequency tables and descriptive statistics were used in the interpretation of the findings. For measurement values suitable for normal distribution, "ANOVA" test (F-table value), "Repeated Measures" test (F-table value), for measurement values not suitable for normal distribution, Kruskal-Wallis H" test (χ2-table value), "Friedman" test (χ2-table value) method was used. "Pearson-χ2" was used to examine the relationships between two qualitative variables, and "Spearman" correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationships between two quantitative variables not having normal distribution. As a result of this study, it was found that mindfulness-based intervention reduced stress in caregivers and contributed to psychological well-being (p<0.05). In addition, it was observed that the effect continued even though it decreased in follow-up tests. In this direction, it is recommended that follow-up tests be kept longer and intermediate interventions be added in other studies to be conducted. It is also recommended that qualitative studies be conducted on this subject in order to obtain detailed feedback on the processes related to the initiatives.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Supportive Care
- Masking
- Single (Participant)
Masking Description
Participants were assigned to different groups. Intervention plans were made for each group on different days to minimize contact between groups.
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Being over 18 years of age
- •The patient they are caring for must have been diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) classification at least one year ago
- •Living together in the same house for at least one year
- •Being directly responsible for the patient's treatment arrangements and care
- •Being open to communication and collaboration.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Having any condition that may prevent them from receiving education.
- •Having a vision, hearing, or comprehension problem.
Arms & Interventions
Mindfulness Group
The mindfulness-based training program was completed in a total of five sessions (one day per week, 60 minutes, for a total of five consecutive weeks).
Intervention: Mindfulness-based Training Program (Other)
Psychoeducation Group
The "Psychoeducational Program," themed around stress, well-being, and mindfulness, was completed in two sessions (two sessions over five weeks, each lasting 60 minutes).
Intervention: Psychoeducational Program (Other)
Control Group
No intervention was administered.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Perceived Stress Scale
Time Frame: Before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 1 month after the last measurement
The scale consists of 14 items in a 5-point Likert type. 7 items with positive expressions (4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13) are reverse coded and high scores indicate a high level of perceived stress. The scale has 2 sub-dimensions as "perception of inadequacy" and "perception of stress/discomfort." The score to be obtained from PSS-14 varies between 0 and 56. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the Turkish scale was determined as 0.84 and its reliability as 0.87. Cronbach's Alpha values obtained in this study are as follows in the whole sample; inadequate self-efficacy perception is 0.89, stress discomfort perception is 0.79, PSS total is 0.89.
Psychological Well-Being Scale
Time Frame: Before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 1 month after the last measurement
The items of PWB are answered on a scale of 1-7, from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (7). All items are expressed positively. Scores range from 8 (if strongly disagree is answered to all items) to 56 (if strongly agree is answered to all items). A high score indicates that the person has many psychological resources and strengths. Although the scale does not provide separate measurements of aspects of well-being, it provides an overview of positive functions in different areas that are believed to be important. The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient obtained in the reliability study of the scale was calculated as .80 (Telef, 2013). Cronbach's Alpha values obtained in this study; is 0.91 in the entire sample.
Secondary Outcomes
- Personal Information Form(Before the intervention)
- Participant Experience Form(Immediately after the intervention)
Investigators
Azize Gözde Atakoğlu
Principal Investigator, PhD Student
Halic University