The Effect of Stress Ball on COPD Patients Receiving Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation Support

Not Applicable

Not yet recruiting

Brief Summary: The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to investigate the effect of a stress ball on pain, anxiety and physiological parameters in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients on non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV).

Detailed Description: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy used in NIMV reduces the need for IMV in COPD patients and shortens hospital stays. Negative states resulting from the difficulty of treatment lead to increased pain and anxiety in patients and negative results in vital signs. There is a need for non-invasive, low-cost and easy-to-use methods that can be used by nurses to address these problems in patients. This study will investigate the effect of a stress ball on changes in pain, anxiety and vital signs in patients diagnosed with COPD and receiving CPAP treatment during treatment. The stress ball will be applied to the patients during two consecutive CPAP treatments and pain, anxiety scores and vital signs will be measured.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Diagnosed with COPD
Receiving CPAP therapy
Those who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study
Turkish speaking, understanding,
No cognitive and cognitive problems
glasgow coma scale score of 13 and above
Those who have not participated in stress ball etc. application before
Elderly patients with a Standardised Mini Mental Test (SMMT) score of 24 and above,

Exclusion Criteria

Refused to participate in the research
People with visual and hearing impairment
unable to speak and understand Turkish
Cognitive and cognitive problems
glasgow coma scale<13
Infection, wound, burn, plaster, traction etc. in the hand and arm area
During the research, those who wanted to leave voluntarily
General condition deteriorated during NIMV treatment
Previously participated in an application such as stress ball etc.
Elderly patients with a Standardised Mini Mental Test (SMMT) score of 23 or less

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
interventional	stress ball	group applying the stress ball during the CPAP procedure

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Visual Analogue Scale (Pain) Visual analog scale (VAS)	change in pain score before and after the intervention	Visual analog scale is used to convert parameters that cannot be measured numerically into a numerical value. For pain, '0: I have no pain and 10: I have unbearable/severe pain' is written on one end of a 100 mm line and the patient marks his/her current condition on this line.
face anxiety scale	change in anxiety score before and after the intervention	Developed in 2003, the Facial Anxiety Scale is a measurement tool in which patients self-report their anxiety levels and is 11 × 42 cm in size. It consists of five face shapes, the leftmost facial expression indicates the absence of anxiety, while the level of anxiety increases towards the right (scored between 0-5). According to the Facial Anxiety Scale, a score of 3 and above by the patients indicates that the level of anxiety is at medium and high levels.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)	at the beginning of the intervention and at the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes of the intervention	the effect of the intervention on diastolic blood pressure is examined
respiratory rate (minute value)	at the beginning of the intervention and at the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes of the intervention	the effect of the intervention on respiratory rate is examined
systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)	at the beginning of the intervention and at the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes of the intervention	the effect of the intervention on systolic blood pressure is examined
SpO2-peripheral oxygen saturation (%)	at the beginning of the intervention and at the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes of the intervention	the effect of the intervention on peripheral oxygen saturation is examined
heart rate (minute value)	at the beginning of the intervention and at the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes of the intervention	the effect of the intervention on heart rate is examined