Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Vascular Thromboembolism in Children Attending Assuit University Hospital

Thrombosis is a blood clot that develops within veins or sometimes arteries in the body.

Occur most commonly in the inferior and superior vena cava, their major tributaries, the deep veins of the extremities, the splanchnic veins, as well as the cerebral venous sinuses.

The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) increases with age. In the pediatric population (0-18 years) the incidence is approximately 0.7-2.1 cases per 100,000 children,1-3 while in the adult population the incidence is 100-150 per 100,000.4

Risk factors include the presence of central venous lines, trauma, major surgery followed by bedrest, immobilization, infection (cellulitis, osteomyelitis, phlebitis), cancer chemotherapy, inflammatory bowel disease, nephrotic syndrome, obesity, dehydration, and total parenteral nutrition.

Patients with vascular thromboembolism present with various symptoms depending on site of thrombosis , symptoms include swelling, redness, pain , low-grade fever In cases that develop pulmonary embolism they experience chest pain and shortness of breath that begin suddenly