Investigating the Potential Psychological Impact of Early Screening and Long-term Monitoring for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Among Patients and Caregivers

General quality of life: European Quality of Life 5 Dimension

时间窗: Change from baseline health practices at 6 months

Generic quality of life will also be assessed through the European Quality of Life Five Dimension, which consists of five items (mobility, selfcare, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression). Classification scores can be linked to a utility score with 0 indicating 'death' and 1 indicating 'full health'\[47\].

Health practices

时间窗: Change from baseline health practices at 6 months

Patients will answer questions about physical activity based on a modified version of the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire \[45\], which includes questions about typical weekly energy expenditure and the duration of brisk physical activity per week. The activity score is obtained in units of kilocalorie/week, where a high value indicating high physical activity and a low value indicating low physical activity. There is no range for this scale.

General quality of life: Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12)

时间窗: Change from baseline health practices at 6 months

Generic Quality of life will be assessed through the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), which consists of 12 items in the physical and mental domains (Physical Component Summary (PCS)-12 and Mental Component Summary (MCS)-12; scoring range from 0-100). Higher PCS and MCS scale indicating better physical and mental health functioning.

Parental Caregiving Experience - Overprotection

时间窗: Change from baseline health practices at 6 months

The Overprotecting Parent Scale (VCOPS) will be used to index the degree to which the parent perceives participant's child being vulnerable and the degree to which participant display protective behaviors. VCOPS consisted of 28 items, rated from 1 "strongly agree" to 6 "strongly disagree", with score ranging from 28 to 168. A low score would indicate highly overprotective, whereas a high score would indicate an optimal level of overprotection.

Misconception

时间窗: Change from baseline health practices at 6 months

Parents will be asked to complete the True/False scale which include statements about AIS treatment options. Including this measure in the proposed study will allow us to ascertain the longitudinal predictors of continued AIS misconception(s).

Scoliosis-specific Quality of Life

时间窗: Change from baseline health practices at 6 months

Scoliosis-specific Quality of Life will be assessed through Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22, which consists of five domains: function/activity, pain, self-image/appearance, mental health and satisfaction with management. The SRS-22 standardises the quantification of an individual patient's views and comments in order to evaluate the results of treatment on a global basis. Each question from the SRS-22 consists of five options scored from 1 to 5. The higher the score, the more satisfied the patient is.

Body image

时间窗: Change from baseline health practices at 6 months

A modified version of the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQS) which specifically evaluates how scoliosis-related appearance concerns impact psychosocial and daily functioning will be used \[2\]. The BIDQ-S includes seven items that are scored on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest level of body image disturbance. The overall score is calculated by obtaining the mean from all 7 questions, with score ranging from 7 to 35. A higher overall score indicating higher level of body image disturbance. In addition, the BIDQ-S includes qualitative questions inviting free text responses so that specific concerns and their impact on daily functioning can be assessed.

Parental Caregiving Experience - parental distress

时间窗: Change from baseline health practices at 6 months

Parental distress will be evaluated through the parental distress subscale of the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-SF). The subscale consisted of 12 items, rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), with subscales scores ranging from 12 to 60. A higher score would indicate higher level of parental distress.

Visual Analogue Scale

时间窗: Change from baseline health practices at 6 months

The European Quality of Life 5 Dimension (EQ-5D) is complemented by a visual analogue scale on current health, the valuation of own health, which is anchored at the lower end (0) by 'worst imaginable health state' and at the upper end (100) by 'best imaginable health state'.