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Predictors and Outcomes of Kangaroo Mother Care: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Pakistan

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
Low Birth Weight Infants
Preterm Infants
Interventions
Behavioral: Kangroo mother care
Registration Number
NCT06559020
Lead Sponsor
Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
Brief Summary

This quasi-experimental study evaluated the impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) versus Conventional Care (CC) on the growth, developmental milestones, breastfeeding, vaccination, and mortality of low birth weight infants in Services Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 400 infants were enrolled and followed for one year.

Detailed Description

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), Lahore, Pakistan, to compare the impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) versus Conventional Care (CC) on low birth weight infants. A total of 400 infants (200 in each group) born between January 2020 and December 2022 were included in the study, with participants selected based on specific inclusion criteria and informed consent obtained. KMC involved continuous skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant during the hospital stay and continued at home for at least 8 hours daily. The follow-up schedule included appointments at six weeks after birth, monthly visits until six months of age, and quarterly visits until the infants reached one year of age. During these visits, the study collected data on infant growth, developmental milestones, breastfeeding practices, and vaccination status. The study was ethically approved by the research ethics committee, and data collection was conducted during scheduled follow-up visits to the outpatient department.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
Female
Target Recruitment
400
Inclusion Criteria
  • women who were able to follow the program instructions,
  • permanent residents of Lahore and its periphery and willing to be part of program for the one-year time period,
  • live newborn babies delivered either vaginally or through caesarean section with birth weight of 1.5 to 2 kg,
  • gestational age between 28 to 36 weeks.
Exclusion Criteria
  • an infant or mother diagnosed with a life-threatening ailment, major disease, or major malformations,
  • early-detected major conditions arising from perinatal problems, such as severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, pulmonary hypertension,
  • incidence of severe infection measured as nosocomial infections requiring systemic antibiotics or infections, severe respiratory distress, and hypothermia episodes (temperature less than 35C).

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
kangroo mother careKangroo mother carehe KMC group will receive continuous skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant for 24 hours a day, with support and training in kangaroo positioning and exclusive breastfeeding.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Number of babies Holding head up3 months

baby able to hold their head up

Number of babies crawling10 months

baby able to move forward on hands and knees

average length of infant1 year

Length of infant in cms at birth, 6 weeks, 1 year, 6 months, and 1 year

Average head circumference of infant1 year

Head circumference of infant in cms at birth, 6 weeks, 1 year, 6 months, and 1 year

Number of babies produce 2 syllable sounds9 months

baby able to produce words that have two definite sounds

Duration of Breastfeedingfrom 2 hours to 1 year

breastfeeding initiation within 2 hours, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, breastfeeding up to one year

Number of babies with complete vaccination1 year

infant receiving all scheduled vaccinations within their first year of life

Number of babies Sitting without support6 months

Baby gets into sitting position without help

Number of babies roll over8 months

baby able to roll from side to side

Number of babies babbles6 months

baby able to produce repititive incomprehensible sounds

cumulative Mortality rate1 year

Death of baby

Average weight of baby1 year

Weight of infant in Kg at birth, 6 weeks, 1 year, 6 months, and 1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Number of babies with Sepsis72 hours

infection leading to life threatening inflammatory response

Number of babies with Hypothermia72 hours

core body temperature less than 35 degree celsius

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Services Institute of Medical sciences

🇵🇰

Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

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