Word Learning in Deaf Children Using Eye-tracking and Behavioral Measures
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 48
- 试验地点
- 3
- 主要终点
- Selected object
研究概览
简要总结
Mutual exclusivity is a word learning constraint in which the learner assumes that a given word refers to only one category of objects. In spoken languages, mutual exclusivity has been demonstrated in monolingual children as young as 17 months and cross-linguistically, while multilingual learners show an attenuated mutual exclusivity bias. Mutual exclusivity has not been robustly demonstrated in deaf children acquiring American Sign Language (ASL). Further, it is unclear if mutual exclusivity applies to those learning both a signed and a spoken language. Like unimodal bilinguals, bimodal bilingual (BiBi) children learn two words for an object, but these words are separated by modality. A BiBi child could therefore assume that all objects have two words (like unimodal bilinguals) or that all objects have one spoken word and one sign (within-modality mutual exclusivity). The goals of the current study are to demonstrate mutual exclusivity in monolingual deaf children acquiring ASL, and to determine if BiBi deaf children utilize mutual exclusivity within each modality.
详细描述
The investigators will investigate how deaf children prioritize input cues to word meaning when linguistic cues (i.e. mutual exclusivity) and referential gaze are in conflict in a structured word learning task.
Participants: Deaf children (n=40) ages 18 to 60 months are eligible to participate. Investigators will recruit 60 children to allow for 33% attrition. While the inclusion criteria are the same as other studies, here investigators do use spoken language exposure as a grouping variable, as follows: based on responses to the language background questionnaire regarding exposure to spoken English, participants will be grouped according to language use as monolingual ASL or bimodal bilingual (spoken English/ASL). Participants will be identified as bimodal bilingual is 1) the primary caregiver reports spoken English to communicate with their child (either alone or in conjunction with ASL), and 2) the primary caregiver reports that their child's ability to understand spoken English is at least a 3 on a Likert-type scale ranging from 0-5. Parents in this group will complete the short-form English CDI in addition to the ASL language measures.
Procedure: Participants will sit across a table from an experimenter who will present pairs of objects--one familiar, one novel--with one pair in each of nine trials (three per condition). The experimenter will prompt the participant to give them one of the toys, signing "I WANT YOU-GIVE-ME WHAT?" Then the experimenter will provide a cue; the child's selection will be recorded. In the gaze condition, the cue will be a gaze shift to the familiar object. In the mutual exclusivity condition, the cue will be a novel sign. In the conflict condition, both a gaze shift to the familiar object and a novel sign will be used. The trial order and object pair will be pseudo-randomly assigned.
Planned analysis: Investigators will use an omnibus mixed effects binomial model to determine how well condition and language environment predict the likelihood to select the novel object, with item and child as random factors.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Na
- 干预模型
- Single Group
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Months 至 60 Months（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Deaf children ages 18-60 months
- •born severely to profoundly deaf
- •have either deaf or hearing parents
- •communicate using American Sign Language
- •have normal to corrected normal vision
排除标准
- •Deaf children who have not been exposed to American Sign Language
研究组 & 干预措施
Word learning from referential cues
All participants are provided pairs of objects (one familiar, one novel) with an accompanying prompt. The prompt types are 1) gaze (3 trials); 2) mutual exclusivity (3 trials); or 3) conflict (3 trials)
干预措施: input cue (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Selected object
时间窗: 10 seconds following experimenter prompt
Children will select one of the two objects on the table in front of them. Their selection will be scored as correct or incorrect based on the target object.
Novel Object Selected
时间窗: Trial time frame: 10 seconds, beginning from the end of the experimenter's prompt, i.e. once the experimenter asked the child for an object, the child had 10 seconds to respond by selecting one of the two presented objects.
In each trial two objects are presented to the child, one novel and one familiar, along with one of three prompt types. Children select one of the two objects on the table in front of them by picking it up and handing it to the experimenter. One each trial, the selected object is scored as novel or familiar based on which object is selected. Data is analyzed as proportion of trials on which the novel object was selected.
次要结局
未报告次要终点