Testing & Refinement of CarePair: An Assessment and Referral Platform to Support Family Caregivers of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Recruiting
- Enrollment
- 80
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- The Feasibility of the CarePair study as measured by the proportion of family caregivers who complete the study screening survey.
Study Overview
Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to develop and test CarePair, a mobile application-based needs assessment and service referral platform for family caregivers of persons with dementia designed to alleviate stress and promote psychosocial well being.
The main aims of this study are:
- To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the CarePair mobile application.
- To explore the potential for CarePair to reduce feelings of depression and burden, and improve caregivers' feelings of self-efficacy.
Caregiver participants will be asked to log in and use the CarePair application and complete study activities for a six-week duration. Researchers will compare the intervention group to an attention control comparator to see if application use is associated with improved psychosocial outcomes at follow-up.
Detailed Description
In 2024, approximately 6.9 million diagnosed cases of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) were reported in the United States, with 83% of the caregiving burden shouldered by unpaid family members or friends. The duration of ADRD varies between 4-20 years, during which individuals often transition into a state of complete dependency. Without family caregivers, the long-term services and support system would be unsustainable. The dearth of accessible support for ADRD caregivers constitutes a significant public health emergency. Caregivers are frequently uncertain of which services are needed, available, and how to gain access - often leaving those most vulnerable without essential support. When queried about service underuse, study respondents who participated in the K99 phase of this project highlighted an information deficit tailored to specific cultures, demographics, and dementia types. They described the excess of online information as overwhelming, often irrelevant, impractical, or unaffordable. Existing technology-based solutions targeted toward enhancing personalized caregiver support are limited. Leveraging continued innovations in technology to inform the training and testing of machine learning algorithms, which can match and update resources while accounting for individual needs, preferences (in-person, virtual), and barriers (e.g., employment, lack of respite care), holds great potential to enhance the precision of service linkage for ADRD caregivers. This R00 project aims to develop, refine, and pilot test CarePair (formerly the Caregiver Resource Room), a mobile application assessment and service referral platform for dementia caregivers. CarePair will leverage innovative machine learning algorithms to holistically evaluate caregivers' evolving needs, their barriers, and preferences to generate personalized service referrals relevant to their areas of identified need. Thus, the specific aims of the R00 are to 1) Use mixed-method and focus group data from the K99 phase to inform the iterative development of the CarePair, which includes a digital self-assessment tool employing machine learning to identify needs, categorize them, and generate targeted service recommendations; 2) Evaluate front- and back-end usability (e.g., via task analysis, heuristic evaluation) of the tool's content, design, features, functionality, and accuracy of service output. Feedback will inform modifications and iterative refinement of the CarePair Version 2.0; 3) Conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of CarePair in enhancing service awareness, addressing unmet needs, and improving mental health. The proposed research aligns with the NIA's strategic initiative to foster research scientists in aging and to develop promising interventions to better engage and support the well-being of ADRD family caregivers.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Supportive Care
- Masking
- Single (Participant)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Currently a primary caregiver of a community-dwelling PwD
- •Provides at least 10 hours of care per week
- •≥18 years of age
- •Fluent in English
- •Both the caregiver and care-recipient reside in and/or can easily access one of the following cities/areas: New York City, New York (NY); Long Island, NY; Westchester County, NY; Seattle, Washington (WA); Los Angeles, California (CA)
- •Provides at least 10 hours of care per week
- •Has provided care for at least 6 months
- •Able to use the internet and has internet access
- •Owns and can operate a smartphone
- •Able and willing to provide their informed consent to participate for the six-week study duration
- •Does not self-report any cognitive impairments
Exclusion Criteria
- •Not currently the primary caregiver of a community-dwelling person with dementia
- •Care-recipient lives in residential care (e.g., assisted living, skilled nursing facility)
- •≤18 years of age
- •Not fluent in English
- •The caregiver and/or care-recipient resides outside of and/or cannot easily access any of the following cities: New York City (NY); Long Island (NY); Westchester County (NY); Seattle (WA); Los Angeles (CA)
- •Provides less than 10 hours of care per week
- •Has provided care for less than 6 months
- •Unable to use the internet or does not have internet access
- •Does not own and/or cannot operate a smartphone
- •Unable or unwilling to provide informed consent to participate for the six-week study duration
- •Self-reports having a cognitive impairment
Arms & Interventions
Control Arm
Participants randomized to the control arm will receive access to an attention-matched comparator: a digital folder containing the same caregiving articles available in the CarePair app. However, the materials will not be personalized or organized. Participants will be asked to log into the digital folder twice per week and read one article at each login, for a total of 12 logins and articles over the 6-week study period, mirroring the engagement frequency of the intervention group.
CarePair Intervention Arm
Participants randomized to the intervention arm will receive access to the CarePair app, a needs-based digital platform that delivers tailored recommendations for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) resources designed for family caregivers. These include services and educational articles personalized based on the caregiver's self-reported needs and preferences, with content organized by relevance to each user. Participants will be asked to log into the CarePair app twice per week and engage with one article per login, for a total of 12 logins and articles over the 6-week study period.
Intervention: CarePair (Behavioral)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
The Feasibility of the CarePair study as measured by the proportion of family caregivers who complete the study screening survey.
Time Frame: Enrollment
The feasibility of the CarePair study will be measured by the proportion of family caregivers who complete the study screening survey among those who were directly invited to participate the study.
The Feasibility of the CarePair study as measured by the proportion of family caregivers who consent to participate and are enrolled.
Time Frame: Enrollment
The feasibility of the CarePair study will be measured by the proportion of family caregivers who consent to participate among those who were screened into the study. Participants who consent to participate are then immediately randomized to their assigned condition and thus enrolled.
The Feasibility of the CarePair study as measured by the proportion of are deemed eligible based on screening criteria.
Time Frame: Enrollment
The feasibility of the CarePair study will be measured by the proportion of family caregivers who are deemed eligible to participate based on screening criteria among those who completed the study's screening survey.
The Feasibility of the CarePair study as measured by recruitment rates and the proportion of family caregivers that decline participation.
Time Frame: Enrollment
The feasibility of the CarePair study will be measured by the proportion of eligible family caregivers who decline to participate among those who were screened into the study.
The Feasibility of the CarePair study as measured by participant retention, as indicated by the number of participants lost to follow-up.
Time Frame: Enrollment to 6-Week Follow-Up
Participant retention, as an aspect of feasibility, will be measured by the recorded number of participants number lost to follow-up. A number of the enrolled participants who the study team contacted weekly for 4 weeks, but did not answer or continue participation, will be recorded.
The Feasibility of the CarePair application as measured by the number of app logins per participant out of total required (minimum= 12).
Time Frame: Baseline to 6-Week Follow-Up
The feasibility of the application will be measured by the number of times the participant logs in to the CarePair application. The minimum number of logins recommended to the participants is 12 (2x/week for 6 weeks).
Application Usability, as measured using the validated System Usability Scale (SUS).
Time Frame: 6-Week Follow-Up
Usability and accessibility of the CarePair application design will be measured using the validated System Usability Scale (SUS). Total scores for the SUS range from 0-100, with higher scores indicative of greater usability. A threshold score of 68 is used to indicate adequate usability.
Application usability, as measured using the validated User Version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (uMARS).
Time Frame: 6-Week Follow-Up
Usability of the CarePair application will be measured using the validated user version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (uMARS). The uMARS provides a multidimensional assessment of app quality, including engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information. Scores range from 20 to 100, with higher scores indicating more favorable user evaluations of the app's usability and overall quality.
The Acceptability of the CarePair application as measured by a survey that measures the participants satisfaction and acceptability of the application.
Time Frame: 6-Week Follow-Up
The acceptability of the CarePair application will be measured by the use of surveys assessing usability, engagement, acceptability, suggestions for improvement. Participants will be asked to rate their agreement with statements including "I enjoyed my experience using the CarePair application". Response options are rated on a five-point scale from 1-Strongly Disagree to 5-Strongly Agree. Scores range from 9-45, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction and acceptability.
The Acceptability of the CarePair application as measured by a qualitative survey that measures the participants satisfaction and acceptability of the application.
Time Frame: 6-Week Follow-Up
The acceptability of the CarePair application will be measured by the use of open-ended items assessing usability, engagement, acceptability, suggestions for improvement. The intervention group participants will be administered five open-ended qualitative items asking for feedback on CarePair. Sample items include: "Would you continue using the CarePair application after this study? Why or why not?"
The Feasibility of the CarePair study as measured by participant retention, as indicated by the number of recorded dropouts.
Time Frame: Enrollment to 6-Week Follow-Up
Participant retention, as an indicator of feasibility, will be assessed by recording the number of participants who withdraw from the study after enrollment
The Feasibility of the CarePair study as measured by the proportion of family caregivers who complete the study screening survey.
Time Frame: Enrollment
The feasibility of the CarePair study will be measured by the proportion of family caregivers who complete the study screening survey among those who were directly invited to participate the study.
The Feasibility of the CarePair study as measured by the proportion of family caregivers who consent to participate and are enrolled.
Time Frame: Enrollment
The feasibility of the CarePair study will be measured by the proportion of family caregivers who consent to participate among those who were screened into the study. Participants who consent to participate are then immediately randomized to their assigned condition and thus enrolled.
The Feasibility of the CarePair study as measured by the proportion of are deemed eligible based on screening criteria.
Time Frame: Enrollment
The feasibility of the CarePair study will be measured by the proportion of family caregivers who are deemed eligible to participate based on screening criteria among those who completed the study's screening survey.
The Feasibility of the CarePair study as measured by recruitment rates and the proportion of family caregivers that decline participation.
Time Frame: Enrollment
The feasibility of the CarePair study will be measured by the proportion of eligible family caregivers who decline to participate among those who were screened into the study.
The Feasibility of the CarePair study as measured by participant retention, as indicated by the number of participants lost to follow-up.
Time Frame: Enrollment to 6-Week Follow-Up
Participant retention, as an aspect of feasibility, will be measured by the recorded number of participants number lost to follow-up. A number of the enrolled participants who the study team contacted weekly for 4 weeks, but did not answer or continue participation, will be recorded.
The Feasibility of the CarePair study as measured by participant retention, as indicated by the number of recorded dropouts.
Time Frame: Enrollment to 6-Week Follow-Up
Participant retention, as an indicator of feasibility, will be assessed by recording the number of participants who withdraw from the study after enrollment
The Feasibility of the CarePair application as measured by the number of app logins per participant out of total required (minimum= 12).
Time Frame: Baseline to 6-Week Follow-Up
The feasibility of the application will be measured by the number of times the participant logs in to the CarePair application. The minimum number of logins recommended to the participants is 12 (2x/week for 6 weeks).
The Feasibility of the CarePair application as measured by the number of app interactions per participant out of total required (minimum= 12).
Time Frame: Baseline to 6-Week Follow-Up
Feasibility of the application will be assessed based on the number of participant interactions with CarePair's features, such as reviewing, rating, taking notes on, or saving services or articles. Participants are asked to log in and engage with the app approximately twice per week over the six-week study period, for a recommended minimum of 12 total interactions.
Application Usability, as measured using the validated System Usability Scale (SUS).
Time Frame: 6-Week Follow-Up
Usability and accessibility of the CarePair application design will be measured using the validated System Usability Scale (SUS). Total scores for the SUS range from 0-100, with higher scores indicative of greater usability. A threshold score of 68 is used to indicate adequate usability.
Application usability, as measured using the validated User Version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (uMARS).
Time Frame: 6-Week Follow-Up
Usability of the CarePair application will be measured using the validated user version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (uMARS). The uMARS provides a multidimensional assessment of app quality, including engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information. Scores range from 20 to 100, with higher scores indicating more favorable user evaluations of the app's usability and overall quality.
The Acceptability of the CarePair application as measured by a survey that measures the participants satisfaction and acceptability of the application.
Time Frame: 6-Week Follow-Up
The acceptability of the CarePair application will be measured by the use of surveys assessing usability, engagement, acceptability, suggestions for improvement. Participants will be asked to rate their agreement with statements including "I enjoyed my experience using the CarePair application". Response options are rated on a five-point scale from 1-Strongly Disagree to 5-Strongly Agree. Scores range from 9-45, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction and acceptability.
The Acceptability of the CarePair application as measured by a qualitative survey that measures the participants satisfaction and acceptability of the application.
Time Frame: 6-Week Follow-Up
The acceptability of the CarePair application will be measured by the use of open-ended items assessing usability, engagement, acceptability, suggestions for improvement. The intervention group participants will be administered five open-ended qualitative items asking for feedback on CarePair. Sample items include: "Would you continue using the CarePair application after this study? Why or why not?"
Secondary Outcomes
- Change from Baseline Caregiving Self-Efficacy scores on the 15-item Revised Scale for Caregiving Self-Efficacy(Baseline; 6-Week Follow-Up)
- Change from Baseline Caregiver Depressive Symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).(Baseline; 6-Week Follow-Up)
- Change from Baseline Anxiety scores on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)(Baseline; 6-Week Follow-Up)
- Change from Baseline Caregiver Stress as measured by the Kingston Caregiver Stress Scale (KCSS)(Baseline; 6-Week Follow-Up)
- Change from Baseline Quality of Life scores on the 5-item Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)(Baseline; 6-Week Follow-Up)
- Change from Baseline Caregiver Needs scores on a 12-item Needs Assessment(Baseline; 6-Week Follow-Up)
- Change from Baseline Caregiving Self-Efficacy scores on the 15-item Revised Scale for Caregiving Self-Efficacy(Baseline; 6-Week Follow-Up)
- Change from Baseline Caregiver Depressive Symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).(Baseline; 6-Week Follow-Up)
- Change from Baseline Anxiety scores on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)(Baseline; 6-Week Follow-Up)
- Change from Baseline Caregiver Stress as measured by the Kingston Caregiver Stress Scale (KCSS)(Baseline; 6-Week Follow-Up)
- Change from Baseline Quality of Life scores on the 5-item Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)(Baseline; 6-Week Follow-Up)
Investigators
Francesca B Falzarano
Assistant Professor
University of Southern California