Effect of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique versus Kalternborn Mobilization on Pain,Range of Motion and Disability in patients with Frozen Shoulder: Randomized Clinical Trial

This study is a single-blinded randomized clinical trial designed to compare the effectiveness of the Spencer Muscle Energy Technique (MET) and the Kalternborn Mobilization Technique (KMT) in the treatment of frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis. Frozen shoulder is a painful condition characterized by stiffness and restricted shoulder movement, most commonly affecting adults between 40 and 60 years of age, with higher prevalence in women and individuals with diabetes. The trial will recruit 52 participants with stage 1 and 2 frozen shoulder, who will be randomly divided into two groups: one receiving Spencer MET with conventional physiotherapy and the other receiving Kalternborn mobilization with conventional physiotherapy. Both groups will undergo treatment for four weeks, three times per week. Pain, range of motion, and disability will be assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and a universal goniometer before and after the intervention. Data will be analyzed statistically to determine which technique is more effective. This research aims to provide evidence-based guidance for physiotherapists in selecting the most beneficial manual therapy approach for managing frozen shoulder.