Evaluating Household Visits and Small Groups to Increase Contraception Use Among Married Adolescent Girls in Rural Niger
- Conditions
- Contraception
- Interventions
- Behavioral: Household VisitsBehavioral: Small Groups
- Registration Number
- NCT03226730
- Lead Sponsor
- University of California, San Diego
- Brief Summary
This study entails a quasi-experimental, mixed-methods (i.e., complementary quantitative and qualitative) outcome evaluation to assess the efficacy of the Reaching Married Adolescents (RMA) Interventions developed and implemented by Pathfinder International to increase contraception use and contraception use intentions among married adolescent girls ages 13-19 in three rural districts of the Dosso region of Niger. Intervention models (gender-synchronized household visits and small groups) will be tested using a randomized 4-arm outcome evaluation design; Arm 1 will receive household visits, Arm 2 will receive small groups; Arm 3 will receive household visits plus small groups, and Arm 4 will serve as the control group and will not receive any intervention. The quantitative component will consist of collecting quantitative baseline, 16-months follow-up, and 27-months survey data from randomly selected married adolescent girls (n=1200) and their husbands (n=1200) who are participating in each Arm of the study. Qualitative elements will include ethnography at two time points and semi-structured in-depth interviews half way through intervention implementation. A costing and cost effectiveness analysis will also be conducted to evaluate which intervention provides the largest gain in the primary outcomes for each dollar spent.
- Detailed Description
This study entails a quasi-experimental, mixed-methods (i.e., complementary quantitative and qualitative) outcome evaluation to assess the efficacy of the Reaching Married Adolescents (RMA) Interventions to increase contraception use and contraception use intentions among married adolescent girls ages 13-19 in three rural districts of the Dosso region of Niger. Two intervention models (gender-synchronized household visits and small groups) will be tested using a randomized 4-arm outcome evaluation design; Arm 1 will receive household visits, Arm 2 will receive small groups; Arm 3 will receive household visits plus small groups, and Arm 4 will serve as the control group and will not receive any intervention. The quantitative component will consist of collecting quantitative baseline and 16-months follow-up survey data from randomly selected married adolescent girls (n=1200) and their husbands (n=1200) who are participating in each Arm of the study. Qualitative elements will include ethnography at two time points and semi-structured in-depth interviews half way through intervention implementation. A costing and cost effectiveness analysis will also be conducted to evaluate which intervention provides the largest gain in the primary outcomes for each dollar spent.
Quasi-Experimental Quantitative Evaluation Design. The 4-arm RMA outcome evaluation will take place across 48 villages clustered within the 3 districts (i.e., 16 villages per district) in the Dosso region of Niger; specifically, Loga, Doutchi and Dosso. Each of the 3 districts will be assigned to 1 of the 3 intervention conditions. Within each district, 16 comparable villages (i.e., rural, Hausa or Zarma-speaking, at least 1000 inhabitants, similar wealth distribution profile, and located within the specified range of distance from health facilities providing effective contraception) will be randomly selected to be assigned to either the district-specific intervention arm or to the control condition. A stratified randomization approach will be used, in which villages will be stratified into two groups based on the village having or not having a health center co-located in their village. Specifically, within each district, 8 villages will be randomly selected among those that have a co-located health center, and 8 villages will be randomly selected from among those villages that do not have a co-located health center (all within the parameters listed above). Within each of these 2 groupings of 8 villages, 2 villages will be randomly selected to be assigned to the control arm. Thus, 12 villages will be assigned to the intervention and 4 will be assigned to serve as control villages in each district. Each village will act as a cluster, with the unit of analysis being the married female adolescent (ages 13-19 years).
Qualitative Evaluation Design. This evaluation study will employ qualitative methods to complement the proposed quantitative evaluation design. The first method employed will be ethnography (i.e., participant observation, in-depth interviewing, informal discussions) to explore the processes related to changing understanding, intentions and behaviors related to use of modern contraception in the context of participating in the RMA interventions. Three villages in Arm 3 receiving the full complement of the RMA programs (i.e., male and female household visits, and male and female groups) will be the source for ethnographic observational field notes, informal group discussion field notes, and informal interview field notes. Three pairs of trained, local research assistants (6 total; 2 per village) will live with families of adolescent wife participants who are living in three separate villages and will participate in the daily life of the families and broader community (cooking, cleaning, farming, etc.) for a period of two month total, one month corresponding with 3 months and 14 months after program initiation. Research assistants will observe but not participate in household visit and small group interventions. Additionally, they will conduct informal, open-ended interviews and consultations with key respondents throughout the community (male and female RMA participants, older adults including in-laws, local political, business and religious leaders).
Findings of the ethnographic phase will inform a semi-structured interview phase to capture narratives regarding intervention acceptability and the roles of the RMA program in increased knowledge, altered intention and changed behaviors regarding decisions on use of modern contraception, inclusive of a focus on issues of gender equity and persistent barriers to contraception acceptance and use. Forty-eight adolescent wives and husbands of adolescent wives participating in the RMA program, and key informants (e.g., village leaders, health providers, etc.) from intervention Arms 1 and 2 will provide semi-structured interview data (n=24 interviews per study arm). Semi-structured interviews (60 minutes) will be conducted approximately 8 months after implementation is initiated. These data will, in turn, inform the foci of the second round of ethnography to be collected at 14 months post program initiation.
Costing and cost-effectiveness will be calculated for each study arm. If one or more intervention arms are found to be effective at increasing contraception use or intention to use contraception, the investigators will compare the cost effectiveness of achieving the outcomes using the WHO-CHOICE methodology.
The study will take place over the course of 4 years total; rolling recruitment and baseline data collection will take place over a period of 3 months, the intervention will be implemented across 16 months with a rolling start and finish, follow-up (27 months) and endline (45 months) data collection will take place over 3 months. Qualitative ethnography data collection will take place at two time periods; at 3 months and 14 months after intervention implementation begins, one month at each time point. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted approximately half-way between the beginning and end of the intervention implementation, in month 8.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 2898
For Women:
- Married
- 13-19 years old
- Fluent in Hausa or Zarma
- Residing in the village where recruitment is taking place with no plans to move away in next 18 months or plan to travel for more than 6 months during that period
- Providing informed consent.
For Men:
- Must be the husband to an eligible adolescent participating in the study
- Hausa or Zarma speaking
- Providing informed consent.
For Women:
- Plans to move away in next 18 months or plans to travel for more than 6 months during that period;
- Currently sterilized (to enable measurement of changes in use of temporary methods of contraception from baseline to 16-months follow-up)
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- FACTORIAL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Arm 3: Household Visits + Small Groups Household Visits In addition to the community enabling environment components, this arm will receive a combination of household visit and small groups intervention components, as described above for Arms 1 and 2, in order to understand the combined effect of these two interventions on the outcomes of interest. Arm 2: Small Groups Small Groups This arm will receive, in addition to the community-level components, gender synchronized group-based interventions (i.e., separate group-based interventions for husbands of adolescent wives and adolescent wives, themselves). Male-only and female-only small groups for participating husbands and wives will be held separately on bimonthly and monthly intervals, respectively. In this project, each small group will consist of 10-15 participants and will be held in places participants have deemed safe spaces (e.g., a place that has auditory and visual privacy, is safe for girls to walk to, has been designated by community leaders as a protected place for girls to meet). Approximately 8-10 female small groups and 4-6 male groups are expected to take place over the course of the project. Arm 1: Household Visits Household Visits Arm 1 will receive gender synchronized household visits (i.e., visits by a female community health worker to the participating married adolescent female and visits by a male community health worker to the participating husband of the married adolescent female). Approximately 10-12 visits with wives and 4-6 visits with husbands are expected to take place over the course of the project. Study Arms 1-3 will additionally receive community enabling environment activities and adolescent-specific service delivery activities to support adolescent contraception use. Community enabling environment activities will include engaging religious leaders, community leaders, and familial gatekeepers of the married adolescent wives, such as in-laws, in community dialogues on a monthly basis. Arm 3: Household Visits + Small Groups Small Groups In addition to the community enabling environment components, this arm will receive a combination of household visit and small groups intervention components, as described above for Arms 1 and 2, in order to understand the combined effect of these two interventions on the outcomes of interest.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Intentions to Use Contraception Questionnaire baseline and 18 month follow up Change in behavioral intentions regarding effective contraceptive use (next 3 months)
Contraception Use Questionnaire baseline and 18 month follow up Change in use of effective methods of contraception (methods assessed individually)
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Social norms regarding gender equity Questionnaire baseline and 18 month follow up Change in social norms regarding husband physical and sexual violence toward wives, women's autonomy and husband control related to family life
Acceptance of effective contraceptive methods Questionnaire baseline and 18 month follow up Change in attitudes and beliefs regarding use of contraceptive methods for birth spacing
Knowledge of effective contraceptive methods Questionnaire baseline and 18 month follow up Change in knowledge of effective contraceptive methods, mechanisms, and common side effects
Female Empowerment Questionnaire baseline and 18 month follow up Change in autonomy, decision-making, freedom from violence and control, especially with regard to contraceptive use
Trial Locations
- Locations (2)
Pathfinder International
🇳🇪Niamey, Niger
Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California, San Diego
🇺🇸San Diego, California, United States