The Effect of Myofascial Release in Patients With Cervicogenic Headache

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Cervicogenic Headache
• Interventions: Other: conventional exercise therapy; Other: Myofascial release technique

• Registration Number: NCT03113357
• Lead Sponsor: University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science

Brief Summary

Cervicogenic headache (CeH) is a secondary and often unilateral that is known by referring pain from soft or hard cervical structures to occipital, temporal, frontal and sometimes pre-orbital regions. There is higher prevalence of cervical muscle tightness, assessed clinically in CeH patients and anatomically there are some fascial connections between sub-occipital muscles with vertebra of C2 and Dura-mater.Therefore fascial restriction in this region can limit the normal movement of muscles between fascial plates in different directions in sub-occipital region. The purpose of current study was to compare the effect of MFR Technique in the upper cervical region with common (Exs) on pain intensity, frequency, duration and Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) of upper cervical joints in subjects with CeH.

Detailed Description

Cervicogenic headache (CeH) is a secondary and often unilateral that is known by referring pain from soft or hard cervical structures to occipital, temporal, frontal and sometimes pre-orbital regions(Becker, 2010). Its prevalence within the general population is about 0.4-2.5% and in women four times more than men(Racicki, Gerwin, DiClaudio, Reinmann, \& Donaldson, 2013). It has been estimated that 15-20% of all chronic headaches include CeH (Racicki et al., 2013). According to reports, at a minimum about 7 million people travail from CeH that cause to waste many daily works and so decrease their performance strongly(Suijlekom, Lamé, Stomp-van den Berg, Kessels, \& Weber, 2003). Based on last version of "Cervicogenic Headache International Study Group" a list including some clinical criteria as pain by cervical movement or inappropriate sustained positions, soft tissue stiffness, neck pain and limited cervical Range of Motion (ROM) has been mentioned for CeH. The best available studies has showed that the C2-3 zygapophysial joints are the most common source of CeH, accounting for about 70% of cases(Hall, Briffa, Hopper, \& Robinson, 2010; Zito, Jull, \& Story, 2006). One of the major problem is overlapping of CeH with other type headaches like migraine and tension type headache (TTH)(Yi, Cook, Hamill-Ruth, \& Rowlingson, 2005) but it has been proven that the best clinical test with high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing of CeH is upper cervical flexion-rotation test (FRT)(Amiri, Jull, \& Bullock-Saxton, 2003; Bravo Petersen \& Vardaxis, 2015). some investigations have linked CeH to painful dysfunction in the upper three cervical segments (C0-3)(Hall et al., 2007; Ogince, Hall, Robinson, \& Blackmore, 2007). Jull and et al at 1999 had noted that there is higher prevalence of cervical muscle tightness, assessed clinically in CeH patients(G Jull, Barrett, Magee, \& Ho, 1999; Zito et al., 2006). Nevertheless anatomically, there are some fascial connections between sub-occipital muscles with vertebra of C2 and Dura-mater (Robert Schleip, Jäger, \& Klingler, 2012). It has been assumed that fascial limitations in one region of the body cause undue stress in another regions of the body due to fascial continuity, Therefore fascial restriction in this region can limit the normal movement of muscles between fascial plates in different directions in sub-occipital region(Ajimsha, Al-Mudahka, \& Al-Madzhar, 2015; Robert Schleip, 2003). Recent Fascia Research Congresses (FRC) explained fascia as a 'soft tissue component of the connective tissue system that percolate the human body(Langevin \& Huijing, 2009) and is a part of body tensional force transmission system(R Schleip, Findley, Chaitow, \& Huijing, 2012). Myofascial Release (MFR) is a therapeutic technique that uses gentle pressure and stretching (in both forms of direct and indirect approaches) intended to restore decrease pain, optimized length, , and facilitate the release of fascial restrictions caused by injury, stress, repetitive use, and etc (J. F. Barnes, 1990; Robert Schleip, 2003). There are some studies about MFR and its effects that include: increase extensibilities of soft tissues, increase ROM, Improve joint biomechanics, decrease pain and muscles tone significantly (Ajimsha, 2011; Tozzi, Bongiorno, \& Vitturini, 2011). Although; a lot of remedies as physiotherapy, electrotherapy, exercises therapy and spinal mobilization are used for cervicogenic headache (GA Jull \& Stanton, 2005; Pöllmann, Keidel, \& Pfaffenrath, 1997) but it has not been studied specifically about sub-occipital MFR for CeH. Therefor the purpose of current study was to compare the effect of MFR Technique in the upper cervical region with common (Exs) on pain intensity, frequency, duration and Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) of upper cervical joints in subjects with CeH.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2015-01
• Primary Completion: 2016-09
• Study Completion: 2016-11
• Status Verified: 2017-04
• Study First Submitted: 2017-04-10
• Study First Submitted QC: 2017-04-10
• Last Update Submitted: 2017-04-10
• Study First Posted: 2017-04-13
• Last Update Posted: 2017-04-13

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 34

Inclusion Criteria

• Neck pain with referring unilateral pain to sub-occipital region.
• The pain and limitation of C1-C2 rotation with craniocervical FRT.
• Intensifying of Headache by manual pressure to upper cervical muscles and joints.
• Headache frequency of at least one per week a period of previous 6 months

Exclusion Criteria

• Bilateral headaches (typifying tension headache).
• Intolerance to craniocervical FRT.
• Presence of autonomic system symptoms like vertigo, dizziness and visual impairment.
• Severe specific neck pain as disk herniation, canal stenosis and cervical spondylosis.
• Any condition that might contraindicate myofascial release technique in upper cervical region.
• Physiotherapy for headache in the previous 6 months.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
conventional exercise therapy	conventional exercise therapy	Craniocervical flexion exercises, performed in supine lying, aimed to target the deep neck flexor muscles. Then they trained to be able to hold progressively increasing ranges of craniocervical flexion using feedback from an airfilled pressure sensor placed behind the neck. The muscles of the scapula, particularly the serratus anterior and lower trapezius, were trained using inner range holding exercises of scapular adduction and retraction, practiced initially in the prone lying position. The subjects were trained to sit with a natural lumbar lordosis while gently adducting and retracting their scapulas and gently flexed their cranio-cervical spine to facilitate the deep neck flexors.
Myofascial release technique	Myofascial release technique	Subjects lied down in supine with knee flexion. Therapist seated on a stool at the head of the table. Elbows and supinated forearms on the table. Asked the client to lift their head off the table. Position the tips of the first three fingers into the soft tissue immediately inferior to the arc of atlas. The fingers are stabilized in a flexed position - around 45° at the MP and PIP joints. The subject is asked to rest their head back down so the fingertips are in the sub-occipital soft tissues and the finger pads rest firmly against the inferior aspect of the atlas. Once the position is perceived to be comfortable, a series of soft tissue responses will occur, characterized by local softening sensations followed by an increase in the weight of the head.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
headache severity	one year	Pain intensity using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were collected at base line and at the end of treatmen

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
headache frequency	one year	number of headache days in the past week/month
headache duration	one year	average number of hours that headaches lasted in the past week
pressure pain threshold	one year	A pressure threshold algometer was used to measure the pain pressure threshold of a Trigger point of the vastus lateralis muscle before treatment and the end of of transverse and spinous process of C1 and C2 vertebrae before and after 10 treatmen session.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences; 🇮🇷 Tehran, Islamic Republic of, Iran, Islamic Republic of