Pain Beliefs, Spiritual Well-Being, and Health Beliefs on Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Rehabilitation Outpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 116
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Pain Beliefs Questionnaire
研究概览
简要总结
This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the relationships between patients' pain beliefs, health beliefs about complementary and alternative medicine, and levels of spiritual well-being in a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic. Adult participants between 18 and 65 years of age were enrolled. Standardized questionnaires were used to evaluate psychological status, pain-related beliefs, attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine, and spiritual well-being. The study aimed to contribute to holistic pain management approaches by integrating psychological, spiritual, and health belief perspectives.
详细描述
Detailed Description:
This cross-sectional analytical study was designed to evaluate the interrelationships between pain beliefs, health beliefs regarding complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and spiritual well-being in patients attending a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) outpatient clinic.
Rationale:
Chronic musculoskeletal pain is among the most frequent reasons for PMR admission. Prior research has examined pain beliefs, CAM utilization, or spirituality separately, yet little is known about their combined influence on patient coping, psychological status, and treatment orientation. Understanding these multidimensional factors is essential for advancing holistic, patient-centered rehabilitation strategies.
Study Design and Methods:
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Case Only
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Adults between 18 and 65 years of age
- •Attending the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic
- •Able to read and write
- •Cognitively intact
- •Voluntarily willing to participate and able to provide informed consent
排除标准
- •Younger than 18 years or older than 65 years
- •Illiterate individuals
- •Individuals with cognitive impairment
- •Individuals with communication difficulties
- •Patients who declined to participate or had incomplete data
结局指标
主要结局
Pain Beliefs Questionnaire
时间窗: At enrollment
Description: The Pain Beliefs Questionnaire was developed in 1992 by Edwards and colleagues. It contains 12 items. Six items assess organic pain beliefs (score range: 6-30) and four items assess psychological pain beliefs (score range: 4-20). Participants rate each item using a Likert-type scale from 1 to 5. Higher scores on the organic subscale indicate stronger beliefs in an organic cause of pain (considered maladaptive), while higher scores on the psychological subscale indicate stronger beliefs in a psychological origin of pain (considered more adaptive).
Three-Factor Spiritual Well-Being Scale
时间窗: At enrollment
Description: The Three-Factor Spiritual Well-Being Scale was developed in 2017 by Eksi and Kardas. It contains 29 items with three subscales: transcendence (11 items, score range: 11-55), harmony with nature (6 items, score range: 6-30), and anomie (12 items, score range: 12-60; reverse-scored). Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The total score ranges from 29 to 145. Higher total scores indicate greater levels of spiritual well-being (a better outcome).
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Health Belief Scale
时间窗: At enrollment
This scale was developed in 2004 by Lie and Boker. It contains 10 items. Each item is scored on a seven-point Likert scale. Three of the items are reverse-scored. The total score ranges from 10 to 70. Higher scores indicate stronger health beliefs related to complementary and alternative medicine. The scale does not have a cut-off score.
次要结局
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(At enrollment)
- Complementary, Alternative, and Conventional Medicine Attitude Scale(At enrollment)
研究者
Gulseren Demir Karakilic
Assistant Professor, Principal Investigator
Bozok University