Investigating Association Between Spine, Scapular, Shoulder and Core in Swimmers
- Conditions
- Movement, AbnormalCervical LordosisPostural KyphosisPostural LordosisSpine Injury
- Interventions
- Procedure: Spine Posture AssessmentProcedure: Spine Movement AssessmentProcedure: Core Muscle Endurance AssessmentProcedure: Scapular DyskinesiaProcedure: Shoulder Strength
- Registration Number
- NCT06326177
- Lead Sponsor
- Yeditepe University
- Brief Summary
The aim of this observational study is to investigate relationship between cervical, thoracic, lumbar and thoracolumbar spine posture, spine movement, isometric and eccentric shoulder strength, scapular dyskinesis and core muscle endurance in healthy competitive young swimmers in comparison with healthy recreational swimmers. The main question is whether spine posture affects spine movement, shoulder strength, scapular dyskinesia and core endurance. Participants will asked to complete a warm up period, after that spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, shoulder strength and core endurance will be assessed by examiner. Researchers will compare competitive swimmer group and recreational swimmer group. Additionally correlation between spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be investigated in competitive swimmer group. Aim of the study is to determine whether posture have any effect upon these parameters.
- Detailed Description
The aim of this observational study is to investigate relationship between cervical, thoracic, lumbar and thoracolumbar spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, shoulder strength and core muscle endurance in healthy competitive youth swimmers in comparison with healthy recreational swimmers. Study expected to include 44 participants which is distributed into experiment (n=22) and control (n=22) groups. The participants will be taken from Turkish swimming clubs which are Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray, ENKA, etc. between march and may of 2024. All of the research will be done in PT Academy clinic which is located in Turkey. The ages of the swimmers will be between 12-24. Experiment group should be a competitive swimmer that were also, participating swimming training in 6 days a week which is consisting of at least 12 hours of swimming training. They should pass Turkish swimming championship qualification times in order to participate in this study. Participants who have any systemic, neurologic, tumoral and cardiopulmonary pathologies excluded. Swimmers that compete in open water races are excluded. Participants that had orthopedic problem or surgical procedure in the past 6 months had been excluded. Inclusion criteria of the control group are different than the experiment group. They don't need to be a competitive swimmer as well as they don't need prerequisites of being a competitive swimmer. But, exclusion criteria remained same with experimental group except being open water swimmer. Before assessments participants will perform 10 minutes of warm up consisting of thigh, arm and core muscles as well as steady state aerobic exercise. Cervical lordosis, thoracal kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and thoracolumbar position degree will be assessed with double inclinometer. Core endurance will be assessed with trunk anterior flexion test, trunk posterior extensor test and lateral plank test. Ratios of core endurance parameters will be used in statistical analysis in order to compare with normative data. Spinal movement will be assessed via bubble inclinometer. For spinal movement cervical, lumbar, thoracal and thoracolumbar flexion and extension motion will be assessed. Also, thoracal and thoracolumbar rotation range of motion will be recorded. Scapular dyskinesia test will be used in order to assess scapular dyskinesia. Shoulder strength will be assessed via using microfet hand held dynamometer. Both isometric and eccentric shoulder external rotation strength will be measured. Ratios between these two values will be used in the statistical analysis. Results will be compared with each other between competitive and recreational swimmer group. SPSS analysis system will be used in order to make statistical analysis. For mean analysis t test or Mann Whitney u test will be used according to distributions of the groups. For the correlation analysis regression and mediation analysis will be used. Mean comparison will be done in between group setting. On the other hand correlation investigation of parameters will be done within group setting only including competitive swimmer group. As a result difference between recreational and competitive swimmers will be revealed as well as association between posture and other variables will be revealed with correlation between parameters.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 44
- Being a competitive swimmer.
- Being between 12-24 ages.
- Participating swimming training at least 6 days a week.
- Swimming faster than Turkish National Championship participation qualification times in their age group.
- Participating swimming training at least 12 hours a week.
- Should start swimming at least 6 years before.
- Being an open water swimmer.
- Having systemic, cardiopulmonary and neurological pathology.
- Having orthopedic pathology in the past 6 months.
- Having surgical history in past 6 months.
- Having tumoral condition.
- Having spine pathology in past 6 months.
Inclusion criteria for control group:
- Being a recreational swimmer.
- Being between 12-24 ages.
Exclusion criteria for control group:
- Having systemic, cardiopulmonary and neurological pathology.
- Having orthopedic pathology in the past 6 months.
- Having surgical history in past 6 months.
- Having tumoral condition.
- Having spine pathology in past 6 months.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- OBSERVATIONAL
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Competitive Swimmer Group Scapular Dyskinesia Spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, ısometric and eccentric shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be assessed. Recreational Swimmer Group Shoulder Strength Spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, ısometric and eccentric shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be assessed. Competitive Swimmer Group Core Muscle Endurance Assessment Spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, ısometric and eccentric shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be assessed. Recreational Swimmer Group Spine Posture Assessment Spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, ısometric and eccentric shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be assessed. Competitive Swimmer Group Spine Posture Assessment Spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, ısometric and eccentric shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be assessed. Competitive Swimmer Group Shoulder Strength Spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, ısometric and eccentric shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be assessed. Recreational Swimmer Group Spine Movement Assessment Spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, ısometric and eccentric shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be assessed. Recreational Swimmer Group Core Muscle Endurance Assessment Spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, ısometric and eccentric shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be assessed. Competitive Swimmer Group Spine Movement Assessment Spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, ısometric and eccentric shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be assessed. Recreational Swimmer Group Scapular Dyskinesia Spine posture, spine movement, scapular dyskinesia, ısometric and eccentric shoulder strength and core muscle endurance will be assessed.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Cervical Movement 1 Day Cervical flexion and extension will be calculated. All parameters will be calculated in degree.
Spinal Posture 1 Day Cervical lordosis, thoracal kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and thoracolumbar posture will be recorded. All parameters will be calculated in degree.
Thoracic Movement 1 Day Thoracic flexion and extension will be recorded. Also thoracal rotation will be recorded. All parameters will be calculated in degree.
Lumbar Movement 1 Day Lumbar flexion and extension will be recorded. All parameters will be calculated in degree.
Thoracolumbar Movement 1 Day Thoracolumbar flexion and extension will be recorded. Thoracolumbar rotation will be recorded. All parameters will be calculated in degree.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Scapular Dyskinesia 1 Day Scapular dyskinesia will be recorded with Scapular Dyskinesia Test by using dumbbells which was described by McClure. Scapular dyskinesia will be measure as normal scapular motion, subtle dyskinesis and obvious dyskinesis.
Core Musculature Ratio Assessment 1 Day Trunk anterior musculature and trunk posterior musculature ratio, ratio of two sides of lateral core musculature and lateral trunk musculature and extensor trunk musculature will be used.
Shoulder Strength Ratio Assessment 1 Day Ratio between shoulder internal rotation and external rotation strength will be used.
Anterior Core Musculature Assessment 1 Day Trunk anterior flexion test will be used to assess anterior core region endurance. Score will be calculated in seconds.
Shoulder Strength Assessment 1 Day Isometric and eccentric shoulder external rotation strength will be recorded in Newton unit.
Lateral Core Musculature Assessment 1 Day Lateral plank test will be used to determine lateral core muscle endurance. Score will be calculated in seconds.
Posterior Core Musculature Assessment 1 Day Trunk posterior extensor test will be used to determine endurance of the posterior core musculature. Score will be calculated in seconds.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
PT Academy
🇹🇷Istanbul, Kadıköy, Turkey