Evaluation of Bariatric Endoscopic Antral Myotomy (BEAM) as a Treatment for Obesity

Not Applicable

Active, not recruiting

• Conditions: Obesity, Mild; Weight Loss; Delayed Gastric Emptying Following Procedure; Obesity, Morbid; Obesity; Excess Calories; Obesity
• Interventions: Procedure: Bariatric Endoscopic Antral Myotomy

• Registration Number: NCT05713071
• Lead Sponsor: Brigham and Women's Hospital

Brief Summary

In the proposed study, we will be evaluating the effects of pylorus sparing antral myotomy alone, without concomitant endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG), on weight loss for subjects undergoing the procedure with a history of obesity. This is referred to as Bariatric Endoscopic Antral Myotomy (BEAM). To better understand treatment effects, we will track weight loss, gastric emptying with gastric emptying breath tests (GEBT), and gut hormones (i.e. ghrelin).

This pilot, single-center, randomized, controlled, clinical study aims to assess the safety, tolerability, and short-term efficacy of BEAM, in addition to exploring its impact on gastric physiology. This will also provide data that may be used in designing a larger clinical trial that could be submitted for NIH grant funding.

Detailed Description

Obesity is generally defined as a body mass index (BMI) of at least 30 kg/m2. It affects 30% of the global population and poses a significant healthcare burden. \[1\] Obesity has increased dramatically over the last few decades with over 650 million adults, or 13% of the world's total adult population, meeting diagnostic criteria in 2016.\[1\] In the U.S. the prevalence of obesity increased by 89.9% between 1993 and 2008.\[1,2,3\] As a result, current and potential interventions, and treatment strategies to combat obesity have become more important.

Sleeve gastrectomy, a bariatric surgical procedure, involves resection of the greater curvature of the stomach resulting in more rapid gastric emptying. It has been thought to reduce weight loss by increasing satiation as well as by triggering hindgut mechanisms. These mechanisms include increase in production of certain gut hormones, including GLP-1.\[4\] Sleeve gastrectomy and other bariatric surgeries are very effective at treating obesity, however, only 1% of eligible subjects elect to undergo this treatment option. Additionally, most subjects with obesity do not qualify for bariatric surgery.\[5\]

Endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies (EBMT) have recently emerged as alternative treatments for patients with obesity and a BMI over 30kg/m2. Interest in EBMT is growing given their safety, efficacy, and non-invasive nature. Current FDA- approved devices include intragastric balloons (IGB) and suturing devices for endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG). These gastric interventions work by interfering with gastric accommodation, breakdown and mixing of food, or the antral pump. All of which ultimately impact gastric emptying. IGB are space occupying devices that cause early satiation and must be removed after approximately six months, with subsequent weight regain being an issue. ESG involves endoscopic suturing to reduce the length and width of the stomach to similarly trigger earlier satiation. Delay of gastric emptying has been shown to be a major mechanism of action for both ESG and IGB, and this is also correlated with weight loss, although it is less consistent and well characterized following ESG. \[6\]

ESG is associated with approximately 16% TWL at one year and is well tolerated with a 1-2% SAE rate.\[7\] However, there are several limitations to the procedure in its current form. It is technically demanding with a long learning curve of approximately 50 cases, resulting in few centers offering the procedure, and suture loss is common raising questions of long-term durability.\[8\] There are also numerous suture patterns employed in clinical practice impacting the consistency of results and available suturing platforms are expensive limiting health equity.

The TransPyloric Shuttle (TPS) is a specialized balloon that resides in the gastric antrum and is the only device that incapacitates the antral pump directly impacting gastric emptying. As with other IGB, the TPS must be removed after several months resulting in subsequent weight regain.\[9\]

Gastroplasty with Endoscopic Myotomy (GEM) involves an abbreviated ESG of the gastric body with a pylorus-sparing antral myotomy, adding the TPS mechanism to that of traditional ESG. This employs a modification of the Gastric Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (G-POEM) technique, targeting the antrum and leaving the pyloric ring intact to slow emptying, instead of making it more rapid. The goal of this procedure is to address the major limitations of ESG, including the procedural variability, technical difficulty, and durability. A small study has shown a consistent delay in gastric emptying with GEM, with the T ½ going from approximately 90 minutes to over 200 minutes, with 20% TWL that continues to trend downward at 6 months. Additionally, there were no new symptoms detected on the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) score following the procedure.

Although early results suggest the addition of antral myotomy to ESG in the GEM procedure appears to increase weight loss and consistency of delayed gastric emptying, there have been no clinical studies that investigate the efficacy of pylorus sparing antral myotomy alone, without concomitant ESG. However, this approach could have many benefits due to its less invasive nature and relative technical simplicity. There are more endoscopists with the skillset necessary to perform antral myotomy than can perform ESG, and the learning curve would also be substantially shorter. Additionally, the cost of this approach would be considerably lower than current therapies as it only involves an endoscopic procedure, an electrosurgical knife and clips for closure, with no need for an expensive suturing system.

In the proposed study, we will be evaluating the effects of pylorus sparing antral myotomy alone, without concomitant ESG, on weight loss for subjects undergoing the procedure with a history of obesity. This is referred to as Bariatric Endoscopic Antral Myotomy (BEAM). To better understand treatment effects, we will track weight loss, gastric emptying with gastric emptying breath tests (GEBT), and gut hormones (i.e. ghrelin).

This pilot, single-center, randomized, controlled, clinical study aims to assess the safety, tolerability, and short-term efficacy of BEAM, in addition to exploring its impact on gastric physiology. This will also provide data that may be used in designing a larger clinical trial that could be submitted for NIH grant funding.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2022-12-23
• Study First Submitted QC: 2023-02-02
• Study First Posted: 2023-02-06
• Study Start: 2024-02-21
• Status Verified: 2024-08
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-08-01
• Last Update Posted: 2024-08-05
• Primary Completion: 2025-05-31
• Study Completion: 2025-08-15

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 20

Inclusion Criteria

1. Subjects must be 18-70 years of age
2. Are currently in the CWMW lifestyle modification program
3. Have a diagnostic endoscopy approved for bariatric evaluation
4. Eligible for endoscopic and surgical weight loss procedures
5. Body mass index (BMI) 30-50 kg/m2
6. Individuals must be in excellent mental health
7. Able to understand and sign informed consent
8. Available to return for all routine follow-up study visits

Exclusion Criteria

1. Untreated H. pylori infection
2. Active smoking
3. Ongoing or a history of treatment with opioids in the last 12 months prior to enrollment
4. Previous pyloromyotomy or pyloroplasty
5. Gastrointestinal obstruction
6. Severe coagulopathy
7. Esophageal or gastric varices and/or portal hypertensive gastropathy
8. Pregnancy or puerperium
9. Any inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract (including but not limited to severe (LA Grade C or D) esophagitis, active gastric ulceration, active duodenal ulceration, or specific inflammation such as Crohn's disease)
10. Malignant or premalignant gastric diseases (such as high grade dysplasia, gastric cancer, or GIST)
11. Severe cardiopulmonary disease or a history of coronary artery disease (including myocardial infarction within the past 6 months, poorly controlled hypertension, required use of NSAIDs)
12. Lactation
13. History of gastrointestinal surgery
14. Any serious health condition unrelated to their weight that would increase the risk of endoscopy
15. Chronic abdominal pain
16. Active psychological issues preventing participation in a lifestyle modification program
17. A known history of endocrine disorders affecting weight (uncontrolled hypothyroidism)
18. An inability to provide informed consent
19. Use of any medication that may interfere with weight loss
20. Use of any medication that may interfere with gastric emptying
21. Any other condition which the investigator may deem as an impediment to compliance or hinder completion of the proposed study.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
BEAM Treatment Patients	Bariatric Endoscopic Antral Myotomy	Subjects having esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with Bariatric Endoscopic Antral Myotomy (BEAM) with standard of care lifestyle modification therapy.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Weight change compared to baseline	Screening, Day 0/Treatment, 1 month, 3 month, 6 month, 9 month, 12 months	percent total body weight loss
Changed in pain scale from Day 0 to 12 months	Day 0/Treatment, 1 month, 3 month, 6 month, 9 month, 12 months	How the subjects feel after the procedure based on pain scale (no pain = 1- worst possible pain = 10)
Adverse Events	Day 0/Treatment, 1 month, 3 month, 6 month, 9 month, 12 months	Changes to health compared to baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Gastric Emptying compared to baseline	Screening, 6 months, 12 months	Gastric emptying using a gastric emptying breath test (GEBT)
Ghrelin levels compared to baseline	Screening, 6 months, 12 months	Laboratory analysis of blood samples to test ghrelin levels
Change in HOMA-IR levels compared to baseline	Screening, 6 months, 12 months	Laboratory analysis of HOMA-IR blood samples to test insulin resistance
Change in Quality of Life compared to baseline using the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Lite (IWQOL-Lite) Questionnaire	Screening, 1 month, 3 month, 6 month, 9 month, 12 months	Overall quality of life questionnaire (IWQOL-Lite) - scale 1 (Never True) - 5 (Always True)
Change in HgA1c levels compared to baseline	Screening, 6 months, 12 months	Laboratory analysis of HgA1c blood samples to test metabolic profiles
Change in glucose levels compared to baseline	Screening, 6 months, 12 months	Laboratory analysis of glucose blood samples to test metabolic profiles
Change in insulin metabolic profiles compared to baseline	Screening, 6 months, 12 months	Laboratory analysis of insulin blood samples to test metabolic profiles
Radiological (Dynamic MRI) gastric emptying rate (minutes) of contrast transit from esophagus, through stomach to small intestine compared to baseline compared to baseline	Screening, 1 month	Dynamic MRI comparing contrast transit from baseline to 1 month post-procedure.
Radiological (Upper GI Series) gastric emptying rate (minutes) of barium transit from esophagus through stomach to small intestine compared to baseline	Screening, 6 months, 12 months	Upper GI series comparing barium transit from baseline to 6 and 12 months post-procedure.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Brigham and Women's Hospital; 🇺🇸 Boston, Massachusetts, United States