Study of The Association of Mutations in The NPHS2 Gene and Nephrotic Syndrome in Children and Adults in Middle East
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 150
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Number of participants achieving NPHS2 gene mutations (frequency of p.R229Q polymorphic site) in patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in comparison with steroid - sensitive nephrotic syndrome
研究概览
简要总结
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) represents one of the most common diagnoses in pediatric and adult nephrology, with a prevalence of 16 per 100,000 children and 3 per 100,000 adults in Western countries.
In most cases, the pathogenesis of NS remains elusive, and the clinical phenotype of patients does not allow discrimination among different causes. Thus, children with NS are usually treated with corticosteroids before a biopsy is taken, and approximately 80% of them respond to such a treatment. According to this observation, pediatric NS has been separated into two broad categories; Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome (SSNS) and Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome (SRNS). In both these categories the biopsy result is usually Minimal Change Disease (MCD) while a few may show Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Although children affected by SSNS have good long-term prognosis, most patients with SRNS progress to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) within 2-10 years of diagnosis .
In adults a biopsy diagnosis of FSGS is more common than in children and more patients will not respond to corticosteroids alone and will need additional immunosuppressant medication. About 40% will progress to ESRD within 10 years .
Currently, at least 19 genes have been clearly identified with association to SRNS harboring ~300 independent mutations, conferring a considerable genetic heterogeneity to the disorder.
Genetic testing is emerging as a useful diagnostic tool in SRNS as it has implications for clinical course, treatment response, risk for posttransplant proteinuria and prenatal diagnosis. An approach for genetic testing based on the current evidence seems cost-effective and may help in the best possible management of SRNS .
The NPHS2 gene, is located on chromosome 1 and is also known as the Podocin gene. It encodes the podocin protein. Podocin is a 383-amino acid lipid-raft-associated protein localized at the slit diaphragm, where it is required for the structural organization and regulation of the glomerular filtration barrier. Its interaction with other slit diaphragm proteins eg. nephrin, NEPH1, CD2AP and TRPC6 is important in mechanosensation signaling, podocyte survival, cell polarity, and cytoskeletal organization .
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It has been reported that variants in the NPHS2 gene are associated with NS .
The commonly studied rs61747728 NPHS2 gene polymorphism also known as p.R229Q has been reported to be associated with NS and SRNS .
However others have failed to report an association , which might be due to population differences.
The rs61747728 is a non-synonymous variant found on exon 5 which is suggested to be involved in in altering the functional properties of podocin in vitro and possibly in vivo .
The investigators will therefore investigate the frequency of the p.R229Q variant in Middle East patients with NS.
Genetic analysis will have important implications in several aspects:-
- Understanding the biology of the disease in this part of the world.
- Counselling patients about their clinical course and what medication they will respond to.
- Counselling patients about the possibility of a kidney transplant sooner in their disease course
详细描述
Aim of the work:
The aim of this study is:
- To identify any relationship between NPHS2 gene mutations and NS in children and adults in Middle East.
- To study the relationship of mutations in this gene with the clinical presentation, clinical coarse and response to treatment in these patients and compare it with patients without mutations in this gene.
- To compare our results with similar data from other World populations/ethnic groups.
- To share our results with the treating clinicians so that counselling of the patients can be done in terms of treatment, prognosis and family screening.
Anticipated outcome and benefit :
With the increasing number of patients with NS in Middle East and the higher number of consanguineous marriages as compared to other societies, the investigators are sure that many gene mutations will be uncovered that may be the same as the previously reported genes or new novel genes.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Prospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 2 Years 至 50 Years（Child, Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Inclusions criteria in children:
- •All children who presented with acute onset of heavy proteinuria (>3 g/24hrs).
- •If a biopsy was performed then only a diagnosis of MCD or FSGS will be included after performing light microscopy, immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase testing and electron microscopy. These studies will be reviewed by the primary investigator.
- •If a biopsy is not performed as is the case with many children, then the clinical and serological parameters should be consistent with MCD or FSGS as evidenced by the negativity of autoimmune and infectious markers.. The cut off age used in referring patients to adult nephrologists is 16 years.
- •Inclusions criteria in adults :
- •All patients with proteinuria of acute or gradual onset but has to be more than 1g/24hrs. A biopsy must have been performed and reviewed by the primary investigator and the results should be MCD/FSGS after applying all the aforementioned pathological studies.
排除标准
- •All patients diagnosed as MCD secondary to:-
- •Drugs:NSAIDs (most common), antimicrobials, lithium, bisphosphonates, and penicillamine (many others).
- •Cancer:haematological malignancies (most common), solid organ malignancies (rarely associated with MCD).
- •Infections:(rarely):esp.TB,syphilis,HIV, HCV, mycoplasma.
- •Atopy:30% of MCD patients.
- •Immunizations.
- •All patients diagnosed as FSGS secondary to:-
- •Infection (podocyte invasion): HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) , Parvovirus B
- •Drugs (podocyte toxicity): Pmidronate, lithium, interferon, and heroin.
- •Congenital or acquired nephron mass reduction: Renal dyplasia, reflux nephropathy, renovascular disease, partial or unilateral nephrectomy.
- •Hyperfiltration as part of disease process: Morbid obesity, diabetic nephropathy, pre-eclampsia, sickle cell disease.
- •Any cause of glomerular disease with progressive scarring: Eg. Membranous GN, IgAN, Alport syndrome, thrombotic microangiopathy, vasculitis.
结局指标
主要结局
Number of participants achieving NPHS2 gene mutations (frequency of p.R229Q polymorphic site) in patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in comparison with steroid - sensitive nephrotic syndrome
时间窗: Baseline to 2 years
participants will be monitored for up to 2 years and classified as steroid -sensitive nephrotic syndrome or steroid - resistant nephrotic syndrome according to clinical response to steroid therapy ( 1 mg prednisolone /kg) for total 6 weeks. Renal biopsy will be done for all patients above 5 years of age (MCD and FSGS) were included. Blood sample or buccal swab will be collected from all patients and genotyping of the NPHS2 gene variant will be performed to report number of participants with NPHS2 gene mutations to share our results with the treating clinicians so that counselling of the patients can be done in terms of advising for kidney transplant sooner in their clinical course, prognosis and family screening.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
AHMED ABDULQADER HAMMOUDA ABOU SHALL
Senior nephrology registrar
Assiut University