The Effect of Coping Training on Urinary Incontinence Attitudes, Sleep, and Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women With Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial

1. Research Model: This study will be conducted using a randomized controlled pretest-posttest control group experimental research design.
2. Research Universe/Sample or Study Group:

This study will be conducted with postmenopausal women over the age of 45 who attended the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Ondokuz Mayıs University Health Application and Research Center. The study sample size was calculated using the sample size calculator program. Using the Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale as a reference (12.34 (2.18); 5.43 (1.96)) (Başgöl et al., 2025), the sample size was calculated as 36 participants for the experimental group and 36 participants for the control group, with a 5% margin of error, a 90% confidence interval, and an effect size of 33.332. In addition to the minimum sample size, a sample size of 48 participants was determined for each group, with at least 50% spares, for a total of 96 participants. Randomization Simple randomization will be used to unbiasedly assign 96 women who meet the study criteria to the intervention and control groups. Randomization will be determined computer-aided using the Research Randomizer website (https://www.randomizer.org/). Women in the intervention and control groups will be assigned based on the obtained order. 3. Data Collection Tools: A Personal Information Form, the Urinary Incontinence Short Test, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (I-QOL) will be used to collect data for the study.

Personal Information Form: Consists of a total of 21 questions that ask about the women's sociodemographic characteristics such as age, education level, and income, their characteristics related to childbirth, and their experience of urinary incontinence. Urinary Incontinence Attitude Scale:

Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index: The scale's validity and reliability studies in Turkey were conducted by Ağargün and colleagues in 1996. The PSQI assesses sleep quality over the past month. The PSQI consists of 24 questions, 19 of which are answered by the individual themselves, and 5 by their spouse or roommate. The total score ranges from 0 to 21. A high total score indicates poor sleep quality. A total PSQI score greater than 5 is considered the cut-off score indicating poor sleep quality. The scale's Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was found to be 0.804.

Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (I-QOL): The validity and reliability of the I-QOL was performed by Özerdoğan. In the Incontinence Quality of Life Scale, all items are evaluated on a five-item Likert-type scale (1=a lot, 2=quite a bit, 3=moderately, 4=a little, 5=not at all), and the calculated total score is converted to a scale value from 0 to 100 for better understanding. The Incontinence Quality of Life Scale consists of three subscales: restrictive behaviors (items 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 13, and 20), psychological impact (items 5, 6, 7, 9, 15, 16, 17, 21, and 22), and limitations on social life (items 8, 12, 14, 18, and 19). Higher scores indicate better quality of life than lower scores.