Efficacy and Safety of Azilsartan Medoxomil in African American Participants With Essential Hypertension

Phase 3

Completed

• Conditions: Hypertension
• Interventions: Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil; Drug: Placebo

• Registration Number: NCT00591253
• Lead Sponsor: Takeda

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of azilsartan medoxomil compared to placebo, once daily (QD), in African-American participants with essential hypertension.

Detailed Description

Hypertension affects approximately 50 million individuals in the United States. As the population ages, the prevalence of hypertension will continue to increase if broad and effective preventive measures are not implemented. According to the World Health Organization, hypertension is the most common attributable cause of preventable death in developed nations, as uncontrolled hypertension greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and renal failure. Despite the availability of antihypertensive treatments, hypertension remains inadequately controlled; only about one third of patients continue to maintain control successfully.

A major component of blood pressure regulation is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a system of hormone-mediated feedback interactions that results in the relaxation or constriction of blood vessels in response to various stimuli. Angiotensin II, a polypeptide hormone, is formed from angiotensin I in a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme as part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Angiotensin II is the principal pressor agent of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with a myriad of effects on the cardiovascular system and on electrolyte homeostasis.

In the United States, a disproportionate number of African-Americans have hypertension compared to age-matched non-Hispanic Caucasians and Mexican Americans. Earlier onset and greater severity of hypertension in African-Americans contribute to greater target organ damage and may be a factor in shorter life expectancy in this population compared to Caucasian-Americans. Although genetic factors have been invoked to explain these racial differences, environmental factors probably play a more important role. Improved management of hypertension through both lifestyle intervention and pharmacotherapy, including combination therapy, are necessary to achieve target blood pressure in African Americans.

Takeda Global Research \& Development Center, Inc. is developing TAK-491 (azilsartan medoxomil) to treat patients with essential hypertension. Azilsartan medoxomil is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed to the active moiety, TAK-536 (azilsartan), which is a selective antagonist of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor subtype.

This study is being conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral azilsartan medoxomil compared with placebo in African-American participants with essential hypertension. Participation in this study is anticipated to be approximately 10 weeks.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2007-10
• Study First Submitted: 2007-12-27
• Study First Submitted QC: 2007-12-27
• Study First Posted: 2008-01-11
• Primary Completion: 2009-04
• Study Completion: 2009-04
• Status Verified: 2011-03
• Results First Submitted: 2011-03-24
• Results First Submitted QC: 2011-03-24
• Last Update Submitted: 2011-03-24
• Results First Posted: 2011-04-19
• Last Update Posted: 2011-04-19

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 413

Inclusion Criteria

1. The participant has essential hypertension (defined as sitting trough clinic systolic blood pressure between 150 and 180 mm Hg, inclusive at Day -1) and 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure 130-170 mm Hg, inclusive, at Day 1.
2. Females of childbearing potential who are sexually active must agree to use adequate contraception, and can neither be pregnant nor lactating from Screening throughout the duration of the study.
3. Clinical laboratory evaluations within the reference range for the testing laboratory unless the results are deemed not clinically significant for inclusion into this study by the investigator.
4. Willing to discontinue current antihypertensive medication.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Has sitting trough clinic diastolic blood pressure greater than 114 mm Hg.
2. Baseline 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor reading of insufficient quality.
3. Hypersensitive to angiotensin II receptor blockers.
4. History of myocardial infarction, heart failure, unstable angina, coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous coronary intervention, hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebrovascular accident, or transient ischemic attack.
5. Clinically significant cardiac conduction defects.
6. Hemodynamically significant left ventricular outflow obstruction due to aortic valvular disease.
7. Secondary hypertension of any etiology.
8. Non-compliant with study medication during run-in period.
9. Severe renal dysfunction or disease (based on calculated creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) at Screening.
10. Known or suspected unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis.
11. History of drug abuse or a history of alcohol abuse within the past 2 years.
12. Previous history of cancer that has not been in remission for at least 5 years prior to the first dose of study drug.
13. Type 1 or poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
14. Alanine aminotransferase level of greater than 2.5 times the upper limit of normal, active liver disease, or jaundice.
15. Hyperkalemia.
16. Upper arm circumference less than 24 cm or greater than 42 cm.
17. Works night (3rd) shift.
18. Currently is participating in another investigational study or has participated in an investigational study within 30 days prior to randomization.
19. Any other serious disease or condition at Screening (or Randomization) that would compromise participant safety, might affect life expectancy, or make it difficult to successfully manage and follow the participant according to the protocol.
20. Randomized in a previous azilsartan medoxomil study.
21. Is required to take or continues taking any disallowed medication, prescription medication, herbal treatment or over-the counter medication that may interfere with evaluation of the study medication.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Azilsartan Medoxomil 40 mg QD	Azilsartan medoxomil	-
Placebo QD	Placebo	-
Azilsartan Medoxomil 80 mg QD	Azilsartan medoxomil	-

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change From Baseline in the 24-hour Mean Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	Baseline and Week 6.	The change in 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The 24-hour mean is the average of all measurements recorded for 24 hours after dosing.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change From Baseline in Mean Trough Clinic Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure	Baseline and Week 6.	The change in mean trough clinic sitting systolic blood pressure measured at final visit or week 6 relative to baseline.
Change From Baseline in the 24-hour Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	Baseline and Week 6.	The change in 24-hour mean diastolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The 24-hour mean is the average of all measurements recorded for 24 hours after dosing.
Change From Baseline in Mean Trough Clinic Sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure	Baseline and Week 6.	The change in mean trough clinic sitting diastolic blood pressure measured at final visit or week 6 relative to baseline.
Change From Baseline in Daytime (6am to 10 pm) Mean Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	Baseline and Week 6.	The change in daytime (6am to 10pm) mean systolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Daytime mean is the average of all measurements recorded between the hours of 6 am and 10 pm.
Change From Baseline in Daytime (6am to 10 pm) Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	Baseline and Week 6.	The change in daytime (6am to 10pm) mean diastolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Daytime mean is the average of all measurements recorded between the hours of 6 am and 10 pm.
Change From Baseline in the Nighttime (12 am to 6 am) Mean Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	Baseline and Week 6.	The change in nighttime (12am to 6am) mean systolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Nighttime mean is the average of all measurements recorded between the hours of 12 am and 6 am.
Change From Baseline in the Nighttime (12 am to 6 am) Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	Baseline and Week 6.	The change in nighttime (12am to 6am) mean diastolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Nighttime mean is the average of all measurements recorded between the hours of 12 am and 6 am.
Change From Baseline in the 12-hr Mean Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	Baseline and Week 6.	The change in the 12-hour mean systolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The 12-hour mean is the average of all measurements recorded in the first 12 hours after dosing.
Change From Baseline in the 12-hr Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	Baseline and Week 6.	The change in the 12-hour mean diastolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The 12-hour mean is the average of all measurements recorded in the first 12 hours after dosing.
Change From Baseline in the Trough (22-24-hr) Mean Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	Baseline and Week 6.	The change in trough mean systolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The trough mean is the average of all measurements recorded from 22 to 24 hours after dosing.
Change From Baseline in the Trough (22-24-hr) Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	Baseline and Week 6.	The change in trough mean diastolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The trough mean is the average of all measurements recorded from 22 to 24 hours after dosing.
Percentage of Participants Who Achieve a Clinic Systolic Blood Pressure Response, Defined as < 140 mm Hg and/or Reduction From Baseline ≥ 20 mm Hg	Baseline and Week 6.	Percentage of participants who achieve a clinic systolic blood pressure response measured at week 6, defined as less than 140 mm Hg and/or reduction from baseline of greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg. Systolic blood pressure is the arithmetic mean of the 3 trough sitting systolic blood pressure measurements.
Percentage of Participants Who Achieve a Clinic Diastolic Blood Pressure Response, Defined as < 90 mm Hg and/or Reduction From Baseline ≥ 10 mm Hg	Baseline and Week 6.	Percentage of participants who achieve a clinic diastolic blood pressure response measured at week 6, defined as less than 90 mm Hg and/or reduction from baseline of greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg. Diastolic blood pressure is the arithmetic mean of the 3 trough sitting diastolic blood pressure measurements.
Percentage of Participants Who Achieve Both a Clinic Diastolic and Systolic Blood Pressure Response	Baseline and Week 6.	Percentage of participants who achieve both a clinic diastolic and systolic blood pressure response measured at week 6, defined as less than 90 mm Hg and/or reduction from baseline of greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg AND less than 140 mm Hg and/or reduction from baseline of greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure is based on the arithmetic mean of the 3 sitting blood pressure measurements.