Multidimensional Evaluation of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Pharmacological and Endovascular Revascularization Procedures for the Identification of Positive Prognostic Factors

Background and rationale of the study In developed countries, stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of permanent disability. Recently, while some developments have been observed in the acute treatment of ischemic stroke such as the introduction of thrombolysis with rt-PA in the acute phase, in the face of acceptable side effects (NINDS, SITS MOST, ECASS), new treatments have been approved for the acute treatment of some types of acute stroke, such as endovascular treatment.

Endovascular treatment in acute cerebral ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion has become the standard of care following the publication of five multicenter randomized trials performed in different reference centers in 2015. In these studies, the treatment cut-off was set at 4.5 hours, a previously validated standard time for intravenous thrombolysis, only for one of these was it instead set at 6 hours. In 2018, two other trials were published, which demonstrated the efficacy of the treatment even beyond 6 hours, one 16 hours after onset, the other up to 24 hours.

Several case studies have now been published which confirm the results of these latest trials, and others which demonstrate how the indications can be extended even beyond those envisaged by the most recent international guidelines.

The development of this therapeutic approach has therefore upset what was the standard therapy and consequently the natural history of many patients suffering from cerebral ischemic stroke.

The rationale of this study is to validate the results of this treatment on a large scale, in the context of what can be called "real life" (outside a randomized multicenter trial), as well as to define more precisely indications, contraindications , benefits (outcome at 90 days measured with the modified Ranking Scale) and possible complications of this technique. Furthermore, the presence of cofactors relating to acute management, thrombus characteristics and the data emerging from neuro-imaging performed in the acute phase that can determine better results will be evaluated.