Small+Safe+Well: A Longitudinal Study of TWH in Small Business
- Conditions
- Life Style
- Interventions
- Behavioral: Health LinksBehavioral: Health Links + Leadership Training
- Registration Number
- NCT04965415
- Lead Sponsor
- Colorado School of Public Health
- Brief Summary
Workers in small businesses bear a disproportionate burden of occupational fatalities, illnesses, and injuries. The investigators conducted an intervention research project to determine how an intervention at the organizational level modifies business Total Worker Health (TWH) practices, safety climate, and health climate. In turn, the investigators aimed to determine whether organizational TWH adoption impacts individual workers' lifestyle health outcomes. In addition, the investigators also evaluated the use of the RE-AIM public health impact evaluation framework in the small business setting, with the intention of improving generalizability, maintenance, and dissemination of interventions and of guiding future TWH intervention design for both research and practice. The investigators conducted a lagged randomized controlled trial (L-RCT) to determine how different doses of an organizational-level TWH intervention (Health Links vs. Health Links + TWH Leadership Training) resulted in improvement and maintenance of TWH programming and organizational climates for safety and health, in small enterprises, over 36 months. The investigators also evaluated whether it resulted in improvements in workforce lifestyle health risks. In the short and mid-term, the goals and outputs of this project is a greater understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of TWH interventions and a model to test the implementation of the TWH interventions as well as an improvement the ability of TWH researchers and practitioners to apply this knowledge to TWH intervention design, implementation and evaluation to ensure generalizability. The long-term goal of this project is to impact worker safety, health and well-being through the continued use of these principles in small businesses.
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 2175
- Colorado small business with less than 500 employees
- Business does not operate in Colorado or has more than 500 employees
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- SEQUENTIAL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Lagged Health Links Businesses in the lagged arm participated in Health Links for one year from their baseline assessment to their first follow-up assessment one year later. They were eligible to participate in the Leadership Training after both assessments were completed. Early Health Links + Leadership Training Businesses in this arm participated in Health Links + Leadership Training for one year from their baseline assessment to their first follow-up assessment one year later.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Safety Climate up to four years Safety climate (1-5 Likert scale, Strongly disagree to strongly agree) measures employee perceptions of whether their organization is committed to their safety.
Lee, J., Huang, Y.-H., Robertson, M. M., Murphy, L. A., Garabet, A., \& Chang, W.-R. (2014). External validity of a generic safety climate scale for lone workers across different industries and companies. Accident Analysis \& Prevention, 63, 138-145.Business Total Worker Health Policies and Programs up to four years Total score, out of 100, on an assessment that measures the quantity of policies and programs that the business develops and implements to protect and promote their employees' health and safety.
Overall health up to four years A self-reported measure of overall health asks the respondent to rate their overall health (1-5 Likert scale, Poor to excellent).
Schwatka, NV, Atherly, A, Dally, MJ, Fang, H, vS Brockbank, C, Tenney, L, Goetzel, RZ, Jinnett, K, Witter, R, Reynolds, S, McMillen, J, Newman, L. (2017). Health risk factors as predictors of workers' compensation claim occurrence and cost. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 74(1): 14-23.Well-being up to four years A self-reported measure of well-being asks the respondent to rate their well-being related to mood (1-5 Likert scale, Poor to excellent).
Staehr Johansen, K. (1998). The use of well-being measures in primary health care - the DepCare project. In World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe: Well-Being Measures in Primary Health Care - The DepCare Project. Geneva, World Healthcare Organization.Health Climate up to four years Health climate (1-5 Likert scale, Strongly disagree to strongly agree) measures employee perceptions of whether their organization is committed to their health and well-being.
Zweber, Z. M., Henning, R. A., \& Magley, V. J. (2016). A practical scale for Multi-Faceted Organizational Health Climate Assessment. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 21(2), 250-259.Sleep up to four years A self-reported measure of sleep asks the respondent about the number of hours of sleep they get in a day (\<6 hours, 6-6.9 hours, 7-8 hours, and \>8 hours).
Schwatka, NV, Atherly, A, Dally, MJ, Fang, H, vS Brockbank, C, Tenney, L, Goetzel, RZ, Jinnett, K, Witter, R, Reynolds, S, McMillen, J, Newman, L. (2017). Health risk factors as predictors of workers' compensation claim occurrence and cost. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 74(1): 14-23.Stress up to four years A self-reported measure of stress asks the respondent to rate their level of stress related to work, home, and finances (1-5 Likert scale, Never to always).
Schwatka, NV, Atherly, A, Dally, MJ, Fang, H, vS Brockbank, C, Tenney, L, Goetzel, RZ, Jinnett, K, Witter, R, Reynolds, S, McMillen, J, Newman, L. (2017). Health risk factors as predictors of workers' compensation claim occurrence and cost. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 74(1): 14-23.Exercise up to four years A self-reported measure of exercise asks the respondent about the number of days they get moderate to vigorous physical activity for at least 30 minutes.
Schwatka, NV, Atherly, A, Dally, MJ, Fang, H, vS Brockbank, C, Tenney, L, Goetzel, RZ, Jinnett, K, Witter, R, Reynolds, S, McMillen, J, Newman, L. (2017). Health risk factors as predictors of workers' compensation claim occurrence and cost. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 74(1): 14-23.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
🇺🇸Aurora, Colorado, United States