Standard Versus Super-extended Lymphadenectomy After Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer

Phase 3

Recruiting

• Conditions: Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer
• Interventions: Procedure: Gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy; Procedure: Gastrectomy with D2plus lymphadenectomy

• Registration Number: NCT03961373
• Lead Sponsor: University of Siena

Brief Summary

In this study the patients with histological evidence of adenocarcinoma of the stomach will be screened and, if eligible, submitted to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). After conclusions of NAC and obtaining informed consent, they will be registered and randomized to receive surgical D2 vs. D2plus lymphadenectomy.

Detailed Description

This is a prospective multi-centre phase III, two-group, randomized and controlled trial designed to prove superiority of the experimental treatment arm (neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and super-extended lymphadenectomy).

The trial population consists of patients who have histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the stomach with locally advanced primary tumour and no evidence of distant metastases (stage IIA-IIIC gastric cancer). The lymph node clinical metastases, before neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, must be limited to the first and second compartments (stations 1-12).

STANDARD GROUP: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy + surgical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy.

Patients who are assigned to neoadjuvant chemotherapy+ surgical D2 treatment group will undergo either subtotal or total gastrectomy, depending on the location of the primary tumour. Standardized D2-lymph node dissection is required with specific information about lymph node stations.

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy + surgical gastrectomy with D2plus lymphadenectomy.

Patients who are assigned to neoadjuvant chemotherapy + surgical D2plus extended lymphadenectomy treatment group will undergo either subtotal or total gastrectomy, depending on the location of the primary tumour. Standardized D2 lymph node dissection plus resection of stations 8p, 12b/p, 13, 14v, 16a2/b1 is required with specific information about lymph node stations.

In both groups, surgical treatment should be performed within 4-6 weeks after the end of the last cycle of NAC.

The primary objective of this study is to compare overall and cancer-related survival between D2 and D2+ lymphadenectomy following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer.

In addition, response to chemotherapy, resection rate, quality of life, complications attributable to surgical intervention / side effects of chemotherapy and the duration of hospitalization will be evaluated.

Sample size estimation was performed, to detect the minimum number of patients to be recruited in each arm. A two-sided log rank test with an overall sample size of 539 subjects, of which 270 are in group 1 and 269 are in group 2.

Data will be analyzed using SPSS software. Level of significance will be defined as 5%.

The trial will be open for recruitment from October 2018 to September 2023.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2018-11-05
• Study First Submitted: 2019-03-12
• Status Verified: 2019-05
• Study First Submitted QC: 2019-05-21
• Last Update Submitted: 2019-05-21
• Study First Posted: 2019-05-23
• Last Update Posted: 2019-05-23
• Primary Completion: 2023-11-01
• Study Completion: 2028-11-01

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 539

Inclusion Criteria

• Age equal or greater than 18 years

• IIA-IIIC histologically proven primary gastric adenocarcinoma, before the treatment with NAC. Not including gastro-oesophageal junction/cardia carcinoma but only Siewert 3, without any previous treatment (surgery and / or chemotherapy) for this diagnosis

• Lack in CT scan of following:

  1. Mediastinal lymph nodes
  2. Lung metastases
  3. Peritoneal metastases
  4. Liver metastases
  5. Pleural effusion, ascites
  6. Metastases to para-aortic lymph nodes No 16a2/b1
  7. Metastases to lymph nodes located in the "posterior" area (8p, 12 b/p, 13)
  8. Extra-regional lymph node metastases

• ECOG performance status ≤ 2

• No prior radio- or chemotherapy conflicting with the treatment of gastric cancer

• No oesophageal invasion, or invasion <=3cm

• Negative peritoneal washing cytology findings and no peritoneal metastases in staging laparoscopy

• No gastric stump cancer

• No signs of cervical and subclavear lymph nodes or distal metastases

• Patient's consent form obtained, signed and dated before beginning specific protocol procedures

• Absence of any psychological, familial, sociological or geographical condition potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow-up schedule; those conditions should be discussed with the patient before registration in the trial

Exclusion Criteria

• Contraindications for any sort of appropriate chemotherapy according to local standards
• Linitis plastica
• Second uncontrolled malignant tumour (synchronous or metachronous (last 5 years) other than Cis or mucosal cancer
• Neoplasms involving the esophago-gastric junction (Siewert types I and II)
• Expected unresectability after neo-adjuvant treatment or progression in metastases
• Emergency surgery due to bleeding or perforation
• Uncontrolled infections
• Other serious underlying medical conditions that could impair the ability of the patient to participate in the study
• Pregnant or lactating women
• Significant neurologic or psychiatric disorders
• Severe cardiac illness (NYHA class IV)
• Under treatment of systemic steroids
• Participation in any other clinical trial that might interfere with the results of this trial
• Lack of compliance
• Inability to fill in questionnaires (insufficient command of language, dementia, lack of time)

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Standard Group	Gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy + surgical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy
Experimental Group	Gastrectomy with D2plus lymphadenectomy	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy + surgical gastrectomy with D2plus lymphadenectomy

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Overall survival analysis	This outcome measure will be estimated from the time of randomization to the date of death or last follow up visit, assessed approximately 5 years after the disease diagnosis.	Overall survival analysis will be analysed during follow up visits

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Percentage of completion of protocol treatment	This outcome measure will be assessed approximately 12 month after the date of enrollment.	Percentage of patients who will complete the protocol treatment, including adjuvant chemotherapy
Post-operative morbidity	This outcome measure will be assessed approximately 3 month after the operation date.	Severity of post-operative complications will be analysed using Clavien-Dindo classification
R0 resection	This outcome measure will be assessed approximately 3 month after the operation date.	Absence of microscopic (R1) or macroscopic (R2) residual tumor after surgery
Recurrence free-survival	This outcome measure will be estimated from the time of randomization to the date of recurrence, assessed approximately 5 years after the disease diagnosis.	That part will also be analysed during follow up visits. The recurrence has to be documented in radiological, endoscopic or pathological examination, when possible.
Post-operative mortality	Within 30 days from operation or during the hospital stay	Deaths after surgery

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

General and Surgical Oncology Department, University of Siena; 🇮🇹 Siena, Italy