The Effect of Compassion-Based Breastfeeding Counseling During the Perinatal Period on Self-Compassion, Mindful Breastfeeding, and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Gazi University
- Enrollment
- 54
- Locations
- 1
Study Overview
Brief Summary
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of compassion-based breastfeeding counseling on self-compassion, mindful breastfeeding, and breastfeeding self-efficacy during the perinatal period.
Pregnant women between 24-28 weeks of gestation who meet the eligibility criteria are enrolled. After obtaining informed consent, participants are randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group using simple randomization.
The intervention group receives a total of 6 face-to-face compassion-based breastfeeding counseling sessions between 30-37 weeks of gestation, with follow-up counseling continued until 6 weeks postpartum. The control group receives only routine antenatal care with no additional intervention.
Outcome measures are assessed at three time points: pretest (24-28 weeks of gestation), posttest (36-38 weeks of gestation), and follow-up (6 weeks postpartum). Instruments used include the Self-Compassion Scale, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form, and the Mindful Breastfeeding Scale.
The study is conducted at Iğdır Dr. Nevruz Erez State Hospital, Türkiye.
Detailed Description
Breastfeeding is the most effective intervention for protecting infant and maternal health. Despite its well-documented benefits, breastfeeding continuation rates decline over time due to insufficient support, breastfeeding difficulties, and psychosocial challenges in the postpartum period. Mothers experiencing breastfeeding problems may develop feelings of shame, failure, and inadequacy, which can negatively affect breastfeeding self-efficacy and increase the risk of early weaning.
Self-compassion - defined as treating oneself with kindness, acceptance, and non-judgment in the face of difficulties - has been associated with reduced depressive symptoms, increased psychological flexibility, and stronger mother-infant bonding in the perinatal period. Compassion-based breastfeeding counseling differs from traditional breastfeeding education by integrating emotional support, empathy, and psychosocial care alongside technical knowledge, thereby addressing both the informational and emotional needs of mothers.
This single-center, randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design is planned to assess the effectiveness of structured compassion-based breastfeeding counseling. Participants are pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation attending Iğdır Dr. Nevruz Erez State Hospital. Eligible participants are randomly assigned to intervention (n=27) or control (n=27) groups. Sample size was calculated based on a power analysis (G*Power 3.1; repeated measures ANOVA, within-between interaction; partial η²=0.06; α=0.05; power=0.95) with a 20% dropout buffer.
The intervention consists of 6 structured face-to-face compassion-based breastfeeding counseling sessions delivered between 30-37 weeks of gestation, followed by counseling and follow-up support up to 6 weeks postpartum. The control group receives standard antenatal care only.
Outcome measures:
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Supportive Care
- Masking
- Single (Participant)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 35 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- Female
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Literate or above
- •Primigravida
- •Between 18-35 years of age
- •Between 24-28 weeks of gestation
- •Spontaneous conception
- •Owns a smartphone
Exclusion Criteria
- •Diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder (self-reported)
- •High-risk pregnancy (preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, placenta previa, chronic disease, fetal anomaly, multiple pregnancy, Rh incompatibility, obesity)
- •Previously attended any compassion or mindfulness-based training
- •Communication barriers (inability to speak Turkish, hearing/speech impairment, or intellectual disability)
Investigators
Şengül Yaman Sözbir
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Gazi University