Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Children With Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Conditions
- Leukemia
- Interventions
- Radiation: low-LET electron therapyRadiation: low-LET cobalt-60 gamma ray therapyRadiation: low-LET photon therapy
- Registration Number
- NCT00002816
- Lead Sponsor
- Children's Oncology Group
- Brief Summary
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die.
PURPOSE: Phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy in treating children who have relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
- Detailed Description
OBJECTIVES: I. Improve the outcome in children with first isolated central nervous system (CNS), testicular, or ocular relapse of acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL), and increase the knowledge of the characteristics of extramedullary and subsequent relapses of ALL. II. Quantitate, by current molecular biologic techniques, occult systemic leukemia in cases of conventional isolated extramedullary relapse, and examine the relationship between this assessment and subsequent clinical outcome, particularly overt marrow relapse. III. Quantitate occult systemic leukemia in subsets of extramedullary relapse that include site (CNS, testis, or eye), time of relapse (early or late), initial risk group, immunophenotype, DNA index and karyotype, gender (for CNS and eye), and ethnicity, and assess the response to therapy in patients entered on companion protocol CCG-B958. IV. Compare the relative sensitivities of two quantitative in vitro assays for occult systemic leukemia (fluorescence-activated cell sorter/leukemic progenitor cell clonogenic assay vs. polymerase chain reaction-based clonospecific assay), correlate the assays with clinical outcome, and assess other biologic studies of leukemic cells (e.g., neurotropic potential in the SCID mouse xenograft model and methotrexate sensitivity). V. Determine the event-free survival (EFS) and pattern of failure in children with first isolated CNS, testicular, or ocular relapse after treatment that includes intensive systemic chemotherapy. VI. Correlate EFS in patients with CNS and ocular relapse with sex, and in patients with relapse at all three sites with ethnicity. VII. Evaluate the impact of combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy on health status in survivors at two and four years after extramedullary relapse and study entry.
OUTLINE: All patients receive induction chemotherapy over 5 weeks with: etoposide, ifosfamide/mesna, dexamethasone, vincristine, and pegaspargase (if pegaspargase is not available, E. coli asparaginase may be substituted throughout study); then dexamethasone, vincristine, pegaspargase (or E. coli asparaginase), and high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue; and triple intrathecal chemotherapy (TIT). Following induction chemotherapy, all patients receive two 6-week courses of intensification therapy with intermittent TIT; each course consists of dexamethasone, vincristine, high-dose methotrexate/leucovorin, thioguanine, cytarabine, etoposide, and pegaspargase (or E. coli asparaginase) followed by dexamethasone, vincristine, high-dose methotrexate/leucovorin, thioguanine, ifosfamide/mesna, and idarubicin. Patients receive 2 additional courses of intensification chemotherapy followed by four 12-week courses of maintenance chemotherapy with vincristine and methotrexate every 2 weeks and daily oral thioguanine. Total duration of therapy is 78 weeks. Patients with isolated ocular relapse receive local radiotherapy prior to initiation of induction chemotherapy; those who also have CNS leukemia begin TIT with the radiotherapy. Patients with CNS relapse receive craniospinal irradiation during the first month of maintenance therapy, with the dose and fields based on whether they will receive TBI and whether they have had CNS irradiation previously. Patients with testicular relapse receive bilateral testicular irradiation during the first 3 weeks of intensification therapy. Patients are followed every 3 months for 3 years, every 6 months for 3 years, and yearly thereafter, or upon relapse, second malignancy, loss to follow up, or death. All patients undergo quality-of-life assessment at entry and 2 and 4 years after entry.
PROJECTED ACCRUAL: Approximately 120 patients will be accrued for this study.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 120
Not provided
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR leucovorin calcium Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR therapeutic hydrocortisone Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR thioguanine Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR vincristine sulfate Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR low-LET electron therapy Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR low-LET photon therapy Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR leucovorin calcium Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR therapeutic hydrocortisone Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR vincristine sulfate Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR low-LET cobalt-60 gamma ray therapy Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR low-LET electron therapy Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR low-LET photon therapy Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR cytarabine Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR dexamethasone Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR idarubicin Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR etoposide Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR ifosfamide Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR mesna Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR pegaspargase Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. EARLY # CNS RELAPSE with BM DONOR Methotrexate Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, PEG, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, pegaspargase, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin and CXRT. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR cytarabine Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR dexamethasone Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR ifosfamide Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR etoposide Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR idarubicin Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR pegaspargase Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR mesna Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR thioguanine Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine. LATE CNS RELAPSE with/without BM DONOR, TESTICULAR or OCULAR Methotrexate Induction (Etoposide, Ifosfamide with Mesna Uroprotection,Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, Vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, ITT (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and therapeutic hydrocortisone), and leucovorin calcium then Intensification (4 courses of 6 weeks, ITT, dexamethasone, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, 6-Thioguanine, cytarabine (Ara-C), Etoposide, PEG, Ifosfamide with Mesna) and Idarubicin), and Maintenance (4 x 12 courses) of ITT, Vincristine, Methotrexate, T-thioguanine.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Event Free Survival The evaluation of the relationship between prognostic or treatment factors and EFS
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (33)
Children's National Medical Center
🇺🇸Washington, District of Columbia, United States
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
Kaplan Cancer Center
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
Children's Mercy Hospital - Kansas City
🇺🇸Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Princess Margaret Hospital for Children
🇦🇺Perth, Western Australia, Australia
University of Chicago Cancer Research Center
🇺🇸Chicago, Illinois, United States
Indiana University Cancer Center
🇺🇸Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Children's Hospital Los Angeles
🇺🇸Los Angeles, California, United States
Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA
🇺🇸Los Angeles, California, United States
University of Nebraska Medical Center
🇺🇸Omaha, Nebraska, United States
Children's Hospital Medical Center - Cincinnati
🇺🇸Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Ireland Cancer Center
🇺🇸Cleveland, Ohio, United States
UCSF Cancer Center and Cancer Research Institute
🇺🇸San Francisco, California, United States
Children's Hospital of Denver
🇺🇸Denver, Colorado, United States
University of Minnesota Cancer Center
🇺🇸Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Mayo Clinic Cancer Center
🇺🇸Rochester, Minnesota, United States
Children's Hospital of Columbus
🇺🇸Columbus, Ohio, United States
Doernbecher Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Portland, Oregon, United States
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
🇺🇸Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
🇺🇸Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Vanderbilt Cancer Center
🇺🇸Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Huntsman Cancer Institute
🇺🇸Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center - Seattle
🇺🇸Seattle, Washington, United States
Long Beach Memorial Medical Center
🇺🇸Long Beach, California, United States
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
🇺🇸Iowa City, Iowa, United States
Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC
🇺🇸Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
IWK Grace Health Centre
🇨🇦Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸Madison, Wisconsin, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
🇺🇸Seattle, Washington, United States
Children's Hospital of Orange County
🇺🇸Orange, California, United States
British Columbia Children's Hospital
🇨🇦Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada