Induction Chemotherapy Combined With Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for MSS Colon Cancer: a Prospective Single-center Multi-arm Open-label Randomized Phase II Study
Overview
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Intervention
- Oxaliplatin
- Conditions
- Colon Neoplasm
- Sponsor
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
- Enrollment
- 100
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- TRG0/1
- Status
- Recruiting
- Last Updated
- 2 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
This study aims to elucidate the regression effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy and adjuvant therapy in locally advanced MSS colon cancer.
Detailed Description
The standard treatment for locally advanced colon cancer is surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy containing oxaliplatin. The MOSAIC and 16968 studies have shown that approximately 30% of patients experience recurrence and metastasis within 6-7 years after surgery. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may improve the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors. The significant tumor shrinkage after neoadjuvant therapy indicates a greater likelihood of long-term survival for patients. The OPTICAL and FoxTROT studies have shown that approximately 35% of patients are resistant to oxaliplatin-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with a pCR rate of less than 10% and uncertain survival improvement. In addition, immunotherapy has poor efficacy for microsatellite stable (MSS) patients. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new and effective neoadjuvant treatment modalities for tumor regression. The study will screen for individuals who are sensitive to oxaliplatin-containing regimens through induction chemotherapy. Immunogenic cell death will be enhanced by oxaliplatin-induced immunogenicity and combined with anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies for neoadjuvant therapy. In the context of cancer, the role of the intestinal microbiome in mediating immune activation induced by chemotherapy drugs has been demonstrated. Clostridium butyricum will be introduced as an adjuvant to explore the possibility of further increasing the significant response rate of neoadjuvant therapy. The study will first conduct 2 cycles of Capox induction chemotherapy to screen for patients sensitive to chemotherapy. Patients will be randomized into three cohorts: one chemotherapy standard control cohort (continuing Capox chemotherapy for 2 cycles) and two enhancement design cohorts (Capox chemotherapy + Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody for 2 cycles/Capox chemotherapy + Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody + Clostridium butyricum for 2 cycles), followed by CME surgery. The study's primary endpoint is the proportion of Tumor regression grade(TRG)0/1 in the pathological specimens of surgically resected tumors.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Age ≥18 years old and ≤75 years old.
- •Pathologically diagnosed MSS or pMMR-type colon adenocarcinoma.
- •The lower edge of the tumor is more than 12cm from the anus as measured by colonoscopy and the lower edge of the tumor cannot be directly palpated during rectal examination.
- •Enhanced CT stage T3/4 or T1-4N+ without multiple primary tumors or distant metastasis.
- •Life expectancy is expected to be more than 1 year.
- •First diagnosis, no previous anti-tumor treatment received, and no chemotherapy contraindications.
- •Informed consent, able to understand the study protocol and willing to participate in the study, and will provide written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Refused to participate in this study.
- •Multifocal colorectal cancer.
- •History of malignant tumors, except for basal cell carcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and various in situ cancers.
- •Cannot tolerate chemotherapy, such as but not limited to bone marrow suppression.
- •Acute exacerbation of important organ diseases (such as but not limited to COPD, coronary heart disease, and renal insufficiency) and/or severe acute infectious diseases (such as but not limited to hepatitis, pneumonia, and myocarditis), ASA score \> 3 points.
- •Mental disorders, illiteracy, or language communication barriers that prevent the understanding of the study protocol.
- •Tumor obstruction or high risk of obstruction, bleeding, and/or perforation.
- •Peripheral sensory neuropathy, unable to receive oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
- •Pregnancy or lactation.
- •Unable to undergo enhanced CT examination or having comorbidities requiring the use of glucocorticoid therapy.
Arms & Interventions
Standard chemotherapy control cohort
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer who met the inclusion criteria received two cycles of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin （Capox） regimen chemotherapy and were evaluated by enhanced CT. Patients with more than 20% regression of maximum diameter of colon tumor in enhanced CT image will be randomly assigned to the Standard chemotherapy control cohort and continued with two more cycles of Capox chemotherapy. Then, these patients will receive curative surgery for colon cancer.
Intervention: Oxaliplatin
Standard chemotherapy control cohort
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer who met the inclusion criteria received two cycles of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin （Capox） regimen chemotherapy and were evaluated by enhanced CT. Patients with more than 20% regression of maximum diameter of colon tumor in enhanced CT image will be randomly assigned to the Standard chemotherapy control cohort and continued with two more cycles of Capox chemotherapy. Then, these patients will receive curative surgery for colon cancer.
Intervention: Capecitabine
Standard chemotherapy control cohort
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer who met the inclusion criteria received two cycles of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin （Capox） regimen chemotherapy and were evaluated by enhanced CT. Patients with more than 20% regression of maximum diameter of colon tumor in enhanced CT image will be randomly assigned to the Standard chemotherapy control cohort and continued with two more cycles of Capox chemotherapy. Then, these patients will receive curative surgery for colon cancer.
Intervention: Colectomy
Enhancement regimen of combined Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer who met the inclusion criteria received two cycles of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin （Capox） regimen chemotherapy and were evaluated by enhanced CT. Patients with more than 20% regression of maximum diameter of colon tumor in enhanced CT image will be randomly assigned to the Enhancement regimen of combined Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and continued with two more cycles of Capox chemotherapy along with the reduced dosage of Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody. Then, these patients will receive curative surgery for colon cancer.
Intervention: Oxaliplatin
Enhancement regimen of combined Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer who met the inclusion criteria received two cycles of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin （Capox） regimen chemotherapy and were evaluated by enhanced CT. Patients with more than 20% regression of maximum diameter of colon tumor in enhanced CT image will be randomly assigned to the Enhancement regimen of combined Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and continued with two more cycles of Capox chemotherapy along with the reduced dosage of Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody. Then, these patients will receive curative surgery for colon cancer.
Intervention: Capecitabine
Enhancement regimen of combined Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer who met the inclusion criteria received two cycles of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin （Capox） regimen chemotherapy and were evaluated by enhanced CT. Patients with more than 20% regression of maximum diameter of colon tumor in enhanced CT image will be randomly assigned to the Enhancement regimen of combined Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and continued with two more cycles of Capox chemotherapy along with the reduced dosage of Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody. Then, these patients will receive curative surgery for colon cancer.
Intervention: Anti-PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody
Enhancement regimen of combined Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer who met the inclusion criteria received two cycles of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin （Capox） regimen chemotherapy and were evaluated by enhanced CT. Patients with more than 20% regression of maximum diameter of colon tumor in enhanced CT image will be randomly assigned to the Enhancement regimen of combined Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and continued with two more cycles of Capox chemotherapy along with the reduced dosage of Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody. Then, these patients will receive curative surgery for colon cancer.
Intervention: Colectomy
Enhancement regimen of combined lactobacillus and Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer who met the inclusion criteria received two cycles of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin （Capox） regimen chemotherapy and were evaluated by enhanced CT. Patients with more than 20% regression of maximum diameter of colon tumor in enhanced CT image will be randomly assigned to the Enhancement regimen of combined lactobacillus and Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and continued with two more cycles of Capox chemotherapy along with the reduced dosage of Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and Clostridium butyricum. Then, these patients will receive curative surgery for colon cancer.
Intervention: Oxaliplatin
Enhancement regimen of combined lactobacillus and Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer who met the inclusion criteria received two cycles of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin （Capox） regimen chemotherapy and were evaluated by enhanced CT. Patients with more than 20% regression of maximum diameter of colon tumor in enhanced CT image will be randomly assigned to the Enhancement regimen of combined lactobacillus and Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and continued with two more cycles of Capox chemotherapy along with the reduced dosage of Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and Clostridium butyricum. Then, these patients will receive curative surgery for colon cancer.
Intervention: Capecitabine
Enhancement regimen of combined lactobacillus and Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer who met the inclusion criteria received two cycles of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin （Capox） regimen chemotherapy and were evaluated by enhanced CT. Patients with more than 20% regression of maximum diameter of colon tumor in enhanced CT image will be randomly assigned to the Enhancement regimen of combined lactobacillus and Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and continued with two more cycles of Capox chemotherapy along with the reduced dosage of Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and Clostridium butyricum. Then, these patients will receive curative surgery for colon cancer.
Intervention: Anti-PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody
Enhancement regimen of combined lactobacillus and Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer who met the inclusion criteria received two cycles of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin （Capox） regimen chemotherapy and were evaluated by enhanced CT. Patients with more than 20% regression of maximum diameter of colon tumor in enhanced CT image will be randomly assigned to the Enhancement regimen of combined lactobacillus and Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and continued with two more cycles of Capox chemotherapy along with the reduced dosage of Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and Clostridium butyricum. Then, these patients will receive curative surgery for colon cancer.
Intervention: Clostridium butyricum
Enhancement regimen of combined lactobacillus and Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer who met the inclusion criteria received two cycles of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin （Capox） regimen chemotherapy and were evaluated by enhanced CT. Patients with more than 20% regression of maximum diameter of colon tumor in enhanced CT image will be randomly assigned to the Enhancement regimen of combined lactobacillus and Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and continued with two more cycles of Capox chemotherapy along with the reduced dosage of Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and Clostridium butyricum. Then, these patients will receive curative surgery for colon cancer.
Intervention: Colectomy
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
TRG0/1
Time Frame: 1 day of postoperative pathological examination.
The sum of tumor regression grades TRG0(disappearance of tumor) and TRG1(scattered residual tumor)(AJCC standard).
Secondary Outcomes
- AE(Adverse events (NCI CTC AE 5.0) that occurred from the first day of induction chemotherapy to one day before the surgery date(up to half a year).)
- Surgical Complication(From the day of surgery to 30 days after the operation, including intraoperative and postoperative complications.)
- DFS(From date of the patient signs the informed consent form until the date of earliest occurrence of the patient's tumor recurrence or death，whichever came first, assessed up to 36 months.)
- OS(From the date of the patient signs the informed consent form until the date of the patient's death, assessed up to 60 months.)
- Concentration of FLT3L(blood tests for FLT3LG at initial diagnosis, after induction chemotherapy, before and 3 months after surgery.)
- Concentration of cytokines(Blood tests of cytokines such as IFN-γ are conducted using techniques such as immunofluorescence and ELISA at initial diagnosis, after induction chemotherapy, before and 3 months after surgery.)
- T lymphocyte(The types and counts of T cells are analyzed using flow cytometry at initial diagnosis, after induction chemotherapy, before surgery, and 3 months after surgery.)
- Molecular pathological analysis of tumor tissue.(Nanostring and Whole exome gene sequencing is performed on tumor specimens to analyze the changes in immune cell types, counts, and other immune status-related factors in the tumor microenvironment before and after treatment (up to half a year).)
- Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)(Collect plasma after surgery for MRD detection (up to half a year).)