Study of risk factors, clinical profile and outcomes of Emphysematous pyelonephritis at a Tertiary care Centre

The study will be conducted ambispectively in KMCH, Manipal, MAHE, and the Department of Urology, Nephrology, and General Medicine.

Patients admitted with the diagnosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis in the departments mentioned above during the study period will be included in the study as this is ambispective study consent for the patients who are enrolled prospectively will be taken, for the retrospective patient’s consent will be either taken when the patients come for follow-up.

The patient data will be collected, including demographic details, medical history, examination, radiological imaging, Ultrasonography, CT scan, or MRI scan, along with blood investigations, which include both microbiology and pathological (CBC, RFT, Blood culture) and urine analysis with microscopy and urine culture—a requirement of surgical intervention for urinary diversion in the form of DJ stenting/ PCN insertion. Treatment is given, and the progress of the patient and follow-up will be recorded for both retrospective and prospective patients. The patient’s EPN characteristics will be analyzed in terms of patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations, microbiological findings, treatment modality, prognostic factors, and outcome.

10. Outcome measures:

• Renal outcomes: AKI, AKI requiring RRT, CKD (3 months follow up)

• Duration of hospital stay

• Requirement of surgical intervention for urinary diversion in the form of DJ stenting/ PCN insertion.

• Mortality

• The patient data will be collected, including demographic details, medical history, examination, radiological imaging, Ultrasonography, CT scan, or MRI scan, along with blood investigations, which include both microbiology and pathological (CBC, RFT, Blood culture) and urine analysis with microscopy and urine culture. Treatment is given, and the progress of the patient and follow-up will be recorded for both retrospective and prospective patients. The patient’s EPN characteristics will be analyzed in terms of patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations, microbiological findings, treatment modality, prognostic factors, and outcome.