Comparing of Sesame Oil, Nitroglycerin Ointment, and Aloe Vera Gel on Prevention of Phlebitis Induced by Chemotherapy

One of the most frequent operations carried out by junior nursing professionals is peripheral intravenous cannulation. Understanding the peripheral intravenous cannulation process is crucial in light of this.

Intravenous cannulation is a challenging procedure that carries a considerable risk of complications. Pain is worsened by complications and side effects related to the cannula, such as superficial phlebitis and infiltration. If the cannulation fails or is disregarded, it might result in further treatment and transfer delays and possibly worse patient outcomes. Peripheral intravenous therapy can cause the unpleasant side effect known as chemotherapyinduced phlebitis (CIP), especially after chemotherapy. To prevent the development of (CIP), the nurses take preventative measures. The most frequent side effect of intravenous chemotherapy drug injection is vein inflammation, or phlebitis, which interferes with the treatment. Nurses have been very concerned about preventing any damage to the veins from phlebitis because they are responsible for administering chemotherapy.

Important of the study: One of the biggest health issues facing modern society is cancer. According to the World Health Organization, there is a steady upward trend in cancer incidence worldwide. Worldwide death rates from cancer are 9% due to all forms of the disease. After heart problems, cancer is the second most common cause of death in developed countries, accounting for 19% of deaths. In developing countries, cancer is the fourth most common cause of death and a contributing factor in 6% of deaths. Statistics show that over 5 million deaths worldwide are related to cancer, out of an estimated 50 million deaths annually. Chemotherapy is one of many treatment modalities used to fight cancer; it is considered a systemic approach. This method makes use of drugs that are cytotoxic. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Iraq and the fourth leading cause in the Eastern Mediterranean region, and its incidence is rising quickly. The aging population trend, improved identification and registration, and-most importantly-increased exposure to risk factors are all contributing factors to the observed increase. Smoking is the most significant of these risk factors. Unhealthy eating habits, less exercise, other behavioral changes in lifestyle, pollution, and higher exposure to carcinogens from agriculture and industry are additional factors. With a 5.3% mortality3 rate in 2013, colorectal cancer was Iraq's ninth leading cause of death, accounting for 8341 cancerrelated deaths overall-roughly 4301 for men and 4040 for women. The National Plan of Cancer Control states that. Over the last 30 years of the 20th century, the global cancer epidemic has doubled; by 2030, it is predicted to nearly triple; and by 2050, it will increase threefold.

Chemotherapy, as a therapeutic intervention for malignancies, plays a crucial role in prolonging patients' survival rates. Nevertheless, the pharmacological agents employed in chemotherapy are associated with a myriad of deleterious side effects. Among these adverse reactions, phlebitis is a notable complication. Chemotherapy medications can harm the skin's and nails' rapidly proliferating cells. Even though some of these changes may hurt, the majority are benign and don't need medical attention. Many of them will recover after their chemotherapy course is over. Major skin changes, however, must be addressed immediately because they may result in permanent harm. small alterations to the skin When receiving chemotherapy via an IV, darker veins may appear darker and exhibit itching, dryness, redness, rashes, and peeling.

It is the most widely used way to administer chemotherapy for cancer. administered either peripherally or via central venous catheters. Absorption has greater dependability. In addition to minimizing the need for repeated injections, this route is necessary for the administration of vesicants. The risk of infection and potentially fatal sepsis is a significant side effect of intravenous (IV) chemotherapy since it allows direct access to the circulatory system.