Video-based Educational Intervention on Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport

The objective was to assess the effectiveness of a brief online educational video in improving knowledge, attitudes, and perceived confidence toward the Triad and REDs among Spanish healthcare professionals.

Design: Randomized controlled educational trial. A total of 200 Spanish healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses, and physiotherapists) were randomized 1:1 into an intervention group (VG) and a control group (CG). The VG received access to an 18-minute YouTube-based educational video titled "Triad of the Female Athlete and RED-S". The CG did not have access to the video until the study was completed. Both completed a validated 16-question questionnaire before and after the intervention.

The Primary Outcome Measure was the change in knowledge score about the Female/Male Athlete Triad and REDs. Secondary outcomes included questions from the definition group (questions 1 and 3), low energy availability group (questions 2, 4, 5, 10, 14, 15 and 16), the menstrual health group (questions 6,9,11 and 13) and the bone health group (questions 7,8 and 12)

Descriptive analyses were conducted to determine means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed after verifying the statistical assumptions required for this methodology. Outliers were examined using the first and third quartiles and the interquartile range. Participants with a total score ≤4 were excluded from the analysis to preserve the reliability and validity of the data and to ensure that statistical analyses reflected only responses with adequate informational content consistent with the study conditions. Data normality was assessed through Q-Q plots and the Shapiro-Wilk test. The effects of the group factor (VG vs. CG), the time factor (pre- vs. post-test), and their interaction were analysed, considering a 95% confidence interval (p ≤ 0.05).

Knowledge Questions