Efficacy, Safety and Toxicology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems as an Aid for Smoking Cessation (ESTxENDS Trial)- the Depression Substudy of ESTxENDS
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 1,246
- 试验地点
- 5
- 主要终点
- Assessment of severity of self-reported symptoms of depression_1
研究概览
简要总结
--> This is a substudy of the main ESTxENDS trial (NCT03589989). Depression outcomes should be considered secondary outcomes of the main smoking cessation outcome formulated in NCT03589989.
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in Switzerland and still more than a quarter of the Swiss population smokes cigarettes. Smoking and depression are strongly associated. Individuals with depression are twice as likely to be smokers than persons without a depression. Studies have shown that attempts to quit tobacco smoking are more likely to fail for individuals with depression than without. Depressive symptoms are common in prolonged nicotine withdrawal and individuals with depression are more nicotine dependent and more likely to suffer depressive symptoms during nicotine withdrawal compared to smokers in the general population.
Recently, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; also called vaporizer or electronic cigarette) have become popular with smokers who want to stop smoking or reduce their exposure to inhaled chemicals since ENDS use appears to be safer than tobacco smoking. ENDS with nicotine containing e-liquids may be effective in assisting with tobacco smoking cessation without suffering depressive symptoms.
This study will therefore test the efficacy of ENDS for cigarette smoking cessation, the safety of ENDS on adverse events and the effect of ENDS on health-related outcomes such as depression and exposure to inhaled chemicals.
For the main ESTxENDS trial (NCT03589989), cigarette smokers motivated to quit smoking cigarettes will be included. Participants in the intervention group will receive an ENDS and nicotine-containing e-liquids, which they will be allowed to use ad libitum. Additionally, they will receive smoking cessation counseling. Participants in the control group will receive smoking cessation counseling only. All participants will be followed over a 24-month period. Presence and severity of depression will be assessed using the 9-question depression scale from the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) at baseline and at 6, 12 and 24 months' follow-up.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- None
盲法说明
Statisticians and laboratory personnel will be blinded to group allocation
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Informed Consent as documented by signature
- •Persons aged 18 or older
- •Currently smoking 5 or more cigarettes a day for at least 12 months
- •Willing to try to quit smoking within the next 3 months,
- •Persons providing a valid phone number, a valid email address and/or a valid postal address.
排除标准
- •Known hypersensitivity or allergy to contents of the e-liquid
- •Participation in another study with investigational drug within the 30 days preceding the baseline visit and during the present study where interactions are to be expected
- •Women who are pregnant or breast feeding
- •Intention to become pregnant during the course of the scheduled study intervention, i.e. within the first 6-months of the study
- •Persons having used ENDS or tobacco heating systems regularly in the 3 months preceding the baseline visit
- •Persons having used nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or other medications with demonstrated efficacy as an aid for smoking cessation such as varenicline or bupropion within the 3 months preceding the baseline visit
- •Persons who cannot attend the 6- month follow-up visit for any reason
- •Cannot understand instructions delivered in person or by phone, or otherwise unable to participate in study procedures
研究组 & 干预措施
Intervention group
干预措施: ENDS (vaporizer/e-cig) and smoking cessation counseling (Other)
Control group
干预措施: Smoking cessation counseling (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Assessment of severity of self-reported symptoms of depression_1
时间窗: 6 months post quit date
Measured using the 9-question depression scale from the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 is it is used to monitor the severity of depression. The PHQ-9 is the depression module, which scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria as "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day).
Assessment of severity of self-reported symptoms of depression_2
时间窗: 12 months post quit date
Measured using the 9-question depression scale from the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 is it is used to monitor the severity of depression. The PHQ-9 is the depression module, which scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria as "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day).
Assessment of severity of self-reported symptoms of depression_3
时间窗: 24 months post quit date
Measured using the 9-question depression scale from the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 is it is used to monitor the severity of depression. The PHQ-9 is the depression module, which scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria as "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day).
次要结局
- Assessment of change of severity of self-reported symptoms of depression(Change from baseline to 6,12, 24 months post quit date)