The Effects of Intermittent Epidural Bolus Versus Continuous Epidural Infusion on Fever for Labor Analgesia in Primiparous Women

简要总结

主要结局

次要结局

• Cord serum tumor necrosis factor-α(At time of placental delivery)
• Maternal serum tumor necrosis factor-α(At time of placental delivery and 3, 6 and 12 hours later)
• Maternal serum Interleukin-1β(At time of placental delivery and 3, 6 and 12 hours later)
• Cord serum Interleukin-1β(At time of placental delivery)
• Maternal serum Interleukin-6(At time of placental delivery and 3, 6 and 12 hours later)
• Cord serum Interleukin-6(At time of placental delivery)
• Maternal serum Interleukin-10(At time of placental delivery and 3, 6 and 12 hours later)
• Cord serum Interleukin-10(At time of placental delivery)
• Regression and correlation analyses between maternal and cord serum cytokines(At twelve hours postpartum)
• Placental routine pathologic examination(At time of placental delivery)
• Maternal and cord blood gase analysis(At time of placental delivery)
• Maternal modified Bromage scale and visual analogue scale(At time of initiation of analgesia and hourly thereafter until 2 hours postpartum (approximately 10 hours))
• Rescue boluses, n of rescue boluses, and the consumption of the ropivacaine/sufentanil mixture(At two hours postpartum)
• Rates of cesarean delivery and instrument-assisted delivery(At time of placental delivery)
• Indications of cesarean delivery(Initiation of analgesia to placental delivery (approximately 8 hours))
• Duration of analgesia(Initiation of analgesia to 2 h postpartum (approximately 10 hours))
• Durations of labor stages(From the beginning of regular contraction of uterus to the end of the labor (approximately 12 hours))
• Maternal satisfaction with analgesia(At two hours postpartum)
• Neonatal antibiotic treatment(One week after baby was born)
• Maternal heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure(At time of initiation of analgesia and hourly thereafter until 4 hours postpartum (approximately 12 hours))
• Low back pain at 3 months after vaginal delivery(At the third month after vaginal delivery)
• Breastfeeding success at 6 weeks after vaginal delivery(At the sixth week after successful delivery)
• Maternal group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization(At time of initiation of analgesia)
• Number of vaginal examinations, duration from rupture of the membranes to delivery, mode of membranes ruptured(From initiation of analgesia to delivery (approximately 8 hours))
• Neonatal weight(At delivery)
• Uterine artery, umbilical artery and vein, fetus middle cerebral artery by ultrasound(At time of initiation of analgesia and hourly thereafter until delivery (approximately 8 hours))
• Maternal serum epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin, glucagon, corticotropin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, blood glucose, oxytocin, prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha(At time of initiation of analgesia and hourly thereafter until 4 hours postpartum (approximately 12 hours))
• Maternal postpartum depression(At time of delivery and daily thereafter until 1 year postpartum (approximately 1 year))
• Neonatal Apgar scale(At the first and fifth minutes after baby was born)
• Highest thoracic sensory level to alcohol(At three hours after initiation of analgesia)
• Uterine contraction(At time of initiation of analgesia and hourly thereafter until 4 hours postpartum (approximately 12 hours))
• Neonatal rectal temperature(At delivery, 30 min after delivery, and 1 h after delivery)
• Fetal heart rate(From initiation of analgesia to delivery (approximately 8 hours))
• Use of oxytocin after analgesia(At twenty-four hours postpartum)
• Incidence of maternal side effects(Initiation of analgesia to 2 hour postpartum (approximately 10 hours))
• Neonatal Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Score(At 30 min, 2 h, and 24 h after baby was born)
• Maximal oxytocin dose(At twenty-four hours postpartum)
• Neonatal sepsis evaluation(At 30 min after baby was born)