Assessment Effects on Pes Planus and Femoral Anteversion Angle of Exercise Training Mixed With Play on Pre-school Children

Pes planus ( Pes planovalgus) is similar with flatfoot occurs collapse of medial longitudinal arch which is lower than normal range or occurs extra pressure on arch. It is separated two group such congenital (flexible and rigid) and acquired. The etiology of pes planus is that hallux rigidus, plantar calcaneonavicular ligament rupture, collapse of medial longitudinal arch, pathology of ligament and tendon, shortness Achilles tendon and juvenile hallux valgus. The most common causes of pes planus are outgroup of leg muscles (peroneal) spasticity, plantar fasciitis and tibial tendon insufficiency. Symptoms of pes planus are indicated heel pain, gait abnormalities, decreased dorsiflexion range of ankle, plantar ulceration, limited mobility of 1.metatarsophalangeal joint and spasm of peroneal muscle. There is a high prevalence rates among males and occur positive correlation between with pes planus and BMI. Evaluation methods of pes planus are X-ray, heel height, gait analysis and Achilles strain. The most commonly used method are line that medial malleolus, 1st metatarsal head and the navicula is on the same line, and the footprint technique from ink rubber plates. Treatment of pes planus is maintained medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy operation with the transfer of the flexor digitorum longus. Non- invasive treatment methods are given such as peroneal muscles and Achilles stretching exercises. 25 degree angle inverted foot orthoses are commonly used because of increasing stance phasic in treatment. Peroneal neural mobilization, play training and stretching exercises are often used treatment method of pes planus. Main purpose of this study is that assess effects of mixed training program with playing on pes planus and increased femoral anteversion angle in pre-school students.