The Effect of Health Belief Model-Based Education and Counseling Program on Coronary Heart Disease Risk
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Enrollment
- 130
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Perception of Heart Disease Risk Scale
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Aim: This study aimed to determine the impact of an education and counseling program based on the health belief model on coronary heart disease risk factors knowledge level, risk perception of heart disease, and Framingham risk scores.
Background: Coronary heart disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and effective prevention strategies are critical. The health belief model provides a theoretical framework for understanding and influencing health behaviors. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach was employed.
Methods: Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level Scale, and the Heart Disease Risk Perception Scale. Additionally, Framingham risk scores were calculated.
Detailed Description
The educational programme entitled "HBM Approach to Prevent CHD" was designed by the researcher and delivered as a presentation. The educational sessions were conducted face-to-face at the Cardiology Outpatient Clinic of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center and lasted approximately 35-45 minutes. In addition, follow-up telephone calls were made to individuals in the intervention group twice at two-month intervals.
The content of the educational programme was developed based on a comprehensive literature review using resources from the Turkish Society of Cardiology, the WHO, the Ministry of Health, the Turkish Public Health Institution, evidence-based research and previous studies. The programme covered topics such as the definition of CHD, risk factors, treatment, complications, perceived susceptibility and severity of CHD, perceived benefits, barriers and strategies to overcome them, self-efficacy, and rules for engaging in physical activity and maintaining a healthy diet.
Participants in the educational sessions received a booklet entitled "Health Belief Model Approach to Prevent CHD" as a reminder tool. This booklet contained the same information as the presentation.
The education was given to the intervention group immediately after the collection of the pre-test data. The control group received no intervention. The post-test data were collected six months after the pre-test. After the post-test, participants in the control group also received the educational booklet.
The care approach, based on the HBM, included several interventions aimed at increasing participants' awareness of CHD. To increase the perception of susceptibility, participants were informed about the definition, symptoms, incidence and risk factors of CHD, thereby increasing their sensitivity to the issue. To increase perceptions of severity, the health, social and economic problems caused by CHD were explained in detail. Perceptions of benefits were enhanced by emphasising the benefits of prevention in the lives of the participants.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Supportive Care
- Masking
- Single (Investigator)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 65 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Being under the age of 65
- •Having normal cognitive functioning
- •Having no communication difficulties
Exclusion Criteria
- •Not volunteering to participate in the study
Arms & Interventions
Control group
No intervention applied
Experimental group
- Implementation of the HBM Based Individual Education and Counseling Program for the Prevention of CHD
- Phone calls conducted in the 2nd and 4th months after education.
- Educational booklet distributed
Intervention: Individual Education and Counseling Program (Behavioral)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Perception of Heart Disease Risk Scale
Time Frame: From 01 January 2023 to 01 Februrary 2023 (4 weeks)
The Perception of Heart Disease Risk Scale (PHDRS) was developed in 2008 by Ammouri and Neuberger with the objective of determining individuals' perceived risk of developing heart disease. A study was conducted in 2016 by Toptaner and Yıldız to ascertain the scale's validity and reliability in the Turkish population. The scale is composed of 20 items and three sub-dimensions, and utilises a 4-point Likert scale.
Knowledge Level of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Scale
Time Frame: From 01 January 2023 to 01 Februrary 2023 (4 weeks)
The Knowledge Level of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Scale (KL-CDRFS) was developed and validated by Arıkan et al. in 2009. Notably, it is the inaugural scale in Turkey to have been both validated and proven reliable for the purpose of assessing knowledge levels concerning cardiovascular disease risk factors (Cronbach's alpha: 0.768). The scale comprises 28 items, and evaluation is based on the total score obtained.
Demographic Information Form
Time Frame: From 01 January 2023 to 01 Februrary 2023 (4 weeks)
The form comprises 17 questions with the objective of gathering information about patients' age, gender, education level, employment status, presence of chronic diseases, medication use, marital status, family history of heart disease, prior knowledge about heart diseases, information on prevention of heart diseases, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose levels, and Framingham risk scores.
Framingham Risk Score
Time Frame: From 01 January 2023 to 01 Februrary 2023 (4 weeks)
The Framingham Risk Score is a widely used and reliable method of estimating an individual's 10-year risk of developing CHD. The calculation takes into account six risk factors: gender, age, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, diabetes, blood pressure and smoking status. Based on these values and categories, scores are determined and the corresponding 10-year risk probability is calculated. A score of less than 10% indicates low risk, 10-20% indicates moderate risk, and more than 20% indicates high risk.
Secondary Outcomes
- Knowledge Level of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Scale(From 15 June 2023 to 15 July 2023 (4 weeks))
- Perception of Heart Disease Risk Scale(From 15 June 2023 to 15 July 2023 (4 weeks))
- Framingham Risk Score(From 15 June 2023 to 15 July 2023 (4 weeks))
Investigators
Muhammet Faruk Yigit
Assistant Professor Dr.
Yuzuncu Yıl University