The Effect Of Planned Educatıon Based On The Health Improvement Model On Lıfe Style Behavıors And Weıght Management In Obese Secondary School Students

Obesity is a chronic disease that is explained by the increase in body fat mass compared to lean body mass, as a result of the fact that the energy taken into the body is more than the energy spent. Obesity, which is accepted as a complex and multifactorial disease that negatively affects health, is the second most important cause of preventable deaths after smoking. Obesity, cardiovascular diseases, especially type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, hypertension (HT), hyperlipidemia (HL), cerebrovascular disease, various cancers, obstructive sleep-apnea syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gastroesophageal reflux, biliary tract disease, It increases health expenditures by causing many health problems such as polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, osteoarthrosis and depression.

Obesity is defined by the World Health Organization (2020) as "abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that it impairs health". WHO (2020) reported that as of 2019, 38 million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese in the world, and according to 2016 data, more than 340 million children and adolescents between the ages of 5-19 were overweight or obese. According to the results of Turkey Childhood Obesity Survey-2016, COSI-TUR (Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative), the rate of overweight in children aged 6-9 years was 14.6% and obesity rate was 9.9%. WHO (2016) reported that childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century, affecting many low- and middle-income countries, especially in urban environments, and that the problem is global.

With education becoming compulsory, schools are important places where children spend most of their lives independent of their families. In order for children to fully benefit from education, they must first be healthy. The age range of 6-12, also called school age, is stated as the period in which children's biopsychosocial development and growth is rapid, and they are most suitable for acquiring knowledge and gaining habits by gaining lifelong behaviors.

Although healthy, adequate and balanced nutrition is very important especially for children, as in all ages, it is known that nutritional problems are very common in this period. School-age children are among the groups most affected by inadequate and unbalanced nutrition. Another important problem accompanying the risk of unhealthy nutrition is the sedentary lifestyle. Technological factors (TV, internet), mostly driving to and from school, long working hours for exams, and unnecessary skipping of physical education classes lead children to a sedentary life. Children's adopting a more active lifestyle, increasing their physical activity levels and supporting them in this regard will make significant contributions to the social, mental and physical development of children.

The fact that childhood obesity is a global problem that seriously threatens public health brings forward initiatives to protect, which is the basis of the fight against obesity. Health professionals should ensure that children develop positive health behaviors and maintain these behaviors in adulthood by intervening on changeable factors such as lifestyle, nutritional behaviors and physical activity to prevent obesity. In order for the interventions to be successful, it is very important for health professionals to carry out their work in cooperation with parents, family and school.